非晶碳基纳米薄膜的多维结构设计及其海水环境摩擦学机理研究

Due to the insufficient research on the tribological behaviors of amorphous carbon nano-film under the multi-environmental conditions and the urgent need for the high performance friction-reduction and anti-wear film materials of the modern marine industry, this project puts forwards to the research and development of the amorphous carbon nano-film for the sea water applications. Firstly, the different scale/dimensional structure design of the amorphous carbon nano-film will be performed. The chemical bonds and their aggregation in molecular/nano-scale, the two-dimensional characteristics of interfaces between different layers and the three-dimensional geometric features in micro-/nano-scale of the amorphous carbon nano-film will be fabricated and controlled by complex physical vapor deposition technology and laser fine processing. Furthermore, the structure activity relationship of the amorphous carbon nano-film between the different scale/dimensional structure and the tribological performance in sea water environment will be investigated systematically. Consequently, the tribological mechanism of the amorphous carbon nano-film in sea water will be analyzed and clarified with emphasis. At last, the guideline for the multi-dimensional structure design of the high performance amorphous carbon nano-film with low friction and wear for the sea water applications would be deduced. The applicant and the research group have accumulated rich experiences and obtained some important results in the corresponding field, and the required foundation and conditions of this project are ready.

鉴于非晶碳基纳米薄膜材料多环境摩擦学基础研究的不足和现代海洋工业对高性能减摩抗磨薄膜材料的迫切需要，本项目拟深入开展非晶碳基纳米薄膜海水环境摩擦学研究与开发工作。项目将从非晶碳基纳米薄膜不同尺度/维度结构设计入手，首先采用复合物理气相沉积工艺结合激光微细加工技术实现对其分子/纳米尺度化学键及其团聚特征、二维界面过渡结构和三维微/纳几何特征的可控构造，进而系统研究非晶碳基纳米薄膜不同尺度/维度结构特征与其海水环境摩擦学特性之间的构效关系，随后重点分析阐明非晶碳基纳米薄膜材料海水环境摩擦机理和磨损损伤机制，最终讨论提出高性能海水环境用非晶碳基纳米薄膜低摩擦低磨损多维结构设计准则。申请人及其团队在该领域内已积累丰富的研究经验并取得重要阶段性研究结果，具备完成此项目的基础和条件。

鉴于非晶碳基纳米薄膜材料多环境摩擦学研究不足和现代海洋工业对高性能减摩抗磨薄膜材料的迫切需求，本项目系统开展了非晶碳基纳米薄膜海水环境摩擦学研究开发工作。首先采用物理气象沉积技术制备非晶碳薄膜并对其纳米尺度化学键等微结构进行调控，发现随着磁控溅射靶能量的增加非晶碳结构中的sp2键逐渐增加而薄膜机械性能和致密性则逐渐降低，sp2键的增加有利于涂层摩擦系数的降低，但弹性模量和致密性的下降降低了涂层抗磨性，磁控溅射靶表面能量密度在0.040W/mm2时涂层获得最优综合性能；随后设计不同过渡层结构并系统研究了二维过渡层界面设计对非晶碳结构海水环境摩擦学性能的影响，发现纯Cr过渡层比纯Ti过渡有利于提高非晶碳薄膜结合力和摩擦学承载能力，多层梯度过渡更加有利于提高非晶碳薄膜结合力和摩擦学承载能力，而Cr/C成分渐变梯度过渡层可使得非晶碳薄膜获得最强的结合力和最高的摩擦学承载；最后在前述研究基础上考察了三维织构化微结构设计对非晶碳薄膜海水环境摩擦学性能的影响，发现海水环境中表面织构化减摩效应与非晶碳薄膜自润滑特性可在产生良好的协同效果，一定尺寸和密度设计的微坑织构特征可显著降低非晶碳薄膜海水环境中的摩擦系数和磨损率。与此同时，项目还对Cr掺杂高sp2结构非晶类石墨碳结构不同PH值水溶液摩擦学性能进行了对比研究，发现Cr掺杂类石墨碳薄膜在不同PH值水溶液中均可呈现出较低的摩擦系数和磨损率，但Cr掺杂类石墨碳薄膜摩擦系数在PH0、PH7和PH14环境中相对较高。此外，项目还拓展研究了氮化铬基涂层材料海水环境中的摩擦学性能，发现海水环境中氮化铬涂层可对316L不锈钢起到明显减摩抗磨作用，碳掺杂可使涂层内部同时生成润滑相与强化相，因而使CrCN涂层在海水环境中呈现出了更加优异的减摩抗磨性能。