具有垂直于石墨烯表面介孔阵列的分级多孔碳/石墨烯复合碳纳米片及其电容性能研究

The development of porous carbon electrode materials with both high energy density and high power density has been the hot issue in the area of energy storage by supercapacitor. In this project, hierarchically porous carbon shells with tens of nanometers thick are coated on both sides of the graphene sheets via soft template method and directional controlled carbonization process, resulting in the construction of sheet-like carbon nanocomposite with sandwich-type structure. The focus of this project is to construct mesopore array perpendicular to the graphene plane in the hierarchically porous carbon shells, and to produce plenty of micripores in the mesopore walls. The purpose is the fully utilization of the synergistic effect between the hierarchically porous carbon shell and graphene, the formation of rapid transmission channels for electron and electrolyte ions, and the efficient capacitive energy storage in micropores. By using various characterization methods, the construction mechanism and morphology regulation rules will be explored for the sheet-like carbon nanocomposite, leading to the establishment of the construction method. Based on this, the pore structure parameters can be tuned, such as the thickness of the hierarchical porous carbon shell, the pore size of mesopore array, and the pore size distribution of micropores. The capacitive performances of the sheet-like carbon nanocomposite will be investigated by electrochemical tests. By analyzing the structure-activity relationship, a theoretical model will be established to explain the high capacity derived form the novel structure. All the mentioned above will provide theory basis for the construction of porous carbon with high capacitive performance.

开发兼具高能量密度和高功率密度的多孔碳电极材料，是超级电容器储能领域的研究热点。本项目拟采用软模板法和后续的定向可控碳化工艺，在石墨烯片的双侧表面包覆上数十纳米厚的分级多孔碳壳层，设计并构筑具有类石墨烯形貌的和三明治结构的复合碳纳米片。重点研究在分级多孔碳壳层中构筑出具有垂直于石墨烯表面的介孔阵列和在介孔壁上构筑出丰富的微孔，以充分发挥分级多孔碳外壳层和石墨烯之间的协同效应，实现电子、电解质离子的快速传输和高效的微孔电容储能。借助多种表征方法探索复合碳纳米片的构筑机理与形貌调控规律，建立材料体系的构筑方法；在此基础上实现对材料结构的调控，如分级多孔碳壳层的厚度、介孔阵列的孔径和微孔的孔径分布等。利用电化学测试表征其电容特性，分析其结构与电容性能之间的构效关系，建立新型结构提供高电容的理论模型，为高性能电容碳的构筑提供理论支持。

开发兼具高能量密度和高功率密度的多孔碳电极材料，是超级电容器储能领域的研究热点。本项目研究出一种工艺简单和低成本的工艺，设计并构筑具有类石墨烯形貌的和三明治结构的复合碳纳米片，具体是采用氧化石墨烯片作为形貌模板，在其表面原位聚合酚醛树脂作为碳源，在石墨烯片的双侧表面包覆上数十纳米厚的多孔碳壳层。同时研究了一系列石墨烯基电化学储能材料，如高褶皱石墨烯构成的致密石墨烯膜电极、硼掺杂石墨烯泡沫、三维多孔石墨烯、分级多孔的石墨烯/活性炭复合材料和三明治结构的Fe3O4/石墨烯复合材料；研究了基于碳纳米管（CNT）核鞘结构的Co(OH)2@CNT和Fe2O3@CNT复合材料。借助多种表征方法探索所制备材料的构筑机理与形貌调控规律，建立材料体系的构筑方法，实现对材料结构的调控。利用电化学测试表征其电化学储能性能，分析其结构与性能之间的构效关系，建立新型结构提高性能的理论模型，为高性能电化学储能材料的构筑提供理论支持。