野猪和白鹇活动对南亚热带常绿阔叶林群落更新的影响

The relationship between forest community’s regeneration pattern and biodiversity’s maintaining mechanism is one of the focuses in conservation biology. The Janzen-Connell escape hypothesis predicts that the success of diaspore increases with distance from the parent tree. Seed disposition by animals (This study is for mammals and birds) is a key factor affecting natural regeneration of forest communities. The wild boars (Sus scrofa) and silver pheasant (Lophura nycthemera, a key species of bird in Dinghushan) move seeds to new sites passively either on body surfaces or by ingestion, or actively by consuming fruits or hoarding seeds. The wild boars also influence the movements of seeds through digging and burrowing activities. This study will be conducted in Dinghushan Natural Reserve in Guangdong Province and based on the 20hm2 plot for long-term monitoring of the biodiversity. It will explore the influences of wild boars and silver pheasants activities on forest community regeneration. It includes four parts: a) Collect seed rain and analyze. b) Monitoring wild boars and silver pheasants activities with wireless video monitor system (day) and infrared camera (night), and the investigation with sampling lines. c) Trace the fate of seeds in three treatments (one is fluorescent-labeling method). d) Analyze comprehensively, integrate the data, explore the maintain mechanism of biodiversity and provide evidence or suggestions for biodiversity conservation and forest management.

森林群落更新格局与多样性维持机制之间的关系是保护生物学研究的重点问题之一。动物对植物种子的取食和传播是植物自然更新的关键因子。野猪和白鹇分别是鼎湖山数量最多，影响最大的大型哺乳动物和雉类。本研究以鼎湖山大样地为平台，以影像观察和荧光标记等手段结合人工样线观测法，探究野猪和白鹇活动对森林植物群落自然更新的影响。1）用种子收集器定时收集（已收集6年）种子，分类、称重、统计，分析种子生产和第一次扩散的时空格局。2）晚上应用红外相机（已安装30个，需补充20个）为主，白天应用无线视屏监控系统为辅结合人工样线观测监测野猪和白鹇的行为特征和活动规律。3）将种子收集器的种子分成三组进行追踪试验（保定、荧光标记和无标记），研究动物活动作用下的种子传播、萌发及幼苗定居情况。4）结合上述研究和已有研究基础，系统分析野猪和白鹇活动对植物自然更新的影响，探讨生物多样性维持机制，为南亚热带森林生态系统管理提供依据。

本项目主要在鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林20公顷大样地内进行，相关工作有：a. 运用红外相机对野猪和白鹇的取食和活动进行监测；b. 定期测定种子雨(种子收集、种子分类、称重、数据处理与分析)等；c. 定期调查大样地内幼苗样方，监测分析乔木植物种群动态变化及更新情况；d. 不定期进行野猪和白鹇活动轨迹的追踪调查，并采取网格化方法，对大样地各样方内的野猪和白鹇活动强度与环境因子进行了系统调查。e.在大样地外，采取红外相机监测和人工观测相结合的方法，对野猪活动剧烈区域定期进行了野猪活动状况和规律调查，并进行了动物对种子的取食试验。在上述工作的基础上，了解了野猪和白鹇的活动规律、取食习性和繁殖动态等，研究了野猪和白鹇活动强度对南亚热带常绿阔叶林树种更新及群落动态的影响，探讨了森林群落更新格局和其生物多样性维持机制之间的关系，并为森林生物多样性保护和森林管理提供参考。