Different functional brush copolymers can be obtained by freely changing the type and ratio of the backbone chain and side-chains.Therefore, nano-carriers prepared from bursh polymers have special performance. However, there are lack of enough research in this field. Currently,the nano-carriers developed from brush copolymers are simplified,most of them are micelles.In addition, they are lack of the abilities for well-controlled release of drugs and good targeting.In this project, a type of biodegradable binary brush copolymer with new structure is designed and prepared in combination of atom transfer radical polymerization, ring-opening reaction and click chemistry.The brush copolymers are assemblied into micelle, nanocapsule with a oil-in-water structure via emulsion process and vesicle with a water-in-water structure via double emulsion method. Micelles and capsules can load hydrophobic drugs effectively while vesicles can load both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs effectively.These three types of nano-carriers will be well researhed and compared in this field. Targeting groups are introduced into these nano-carriers for tumor active targeting. pH-sensitive groups are introduced into capsules and vesicles for construction of pH-sensitive cores and protective layers.Once these drug delivery systems are absorbed by tumor cell, proton buffering happened in the pH-sensitive cores or protective layers and change between hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity took place, which leads to the disassembly of the nano-carriers and burst-release of anticancer drugs, and then improves the treatment effects of tumors. This subject will be in favor of developping the application of brush copolymers in the field of biomaterials.
聚合物分子刷可以通过控制主链和侧链的类型和比例,得到不同功能结构。分子刷用于药物输送载体有独特性能,但这方面研究还比较缺乏。目前开发的分子刷载体总体载药率不高、药物控释不理想、缺乏靶向性,而且组装体主要是胶束。本项目联合原子转移自由基聚合、开环反应和点击化学,合成新型结构可降解二元聚合物分子刷,通过自组装形成纳米胶束,水包油纳米胶囊和水包水纳米囊泡,并用于抗癌药物的智能传输。胶束与胶囊可包载疏水药物,囊泡可同时包载亲水和疏水药物。这三种纳米载体的性能将被对比研究。通过在纳米载体上引入靶向基团,使它们对肿瘤细胞具有主动靶向传输功能。同时在载体中引入酸敏基团,形成酸敏核和酸敏性保护层。一旦它们被肿瘤细胞吸收后,在溶酶体的酸性环境中发生质子缓冲及亲-疏水性改变,保护层被破坏,酸敏核发生解体,从而实现药物的快速释放,以提高治疗效果。本项目将有利于开拓分子刷在生物材料中的应用。
恶性肿瘤已经成为严重威胁着人类健康和生命的主要疾病之一。癌症治疗已经成为多学科交叉的挑战。抗癌药物化疗是除手术以外最重要的癌症治疗手段之一。在癌症的化学疗法中,许多疗效显著的抗癌药物亲水性都很低,很难直接被肌体吸收和利用,而且直接使用对健康组织具有很强的毒副作用,循环时间太短以致不能发挥最佳的疗效,大大地限制了它们的应用。利用聚合物纳米载体将药物高效准确地传输到病灶部位,是当前的研究热点。如何获得一种稳定、载药率高、粒径小而且能智能释放药物的载体,在肿瘤化疗中具有重要的意义。项目设计并制备出合适的二元聚合物分子刷聚天冬氨酸-g-(聚乙二醇-r-聚甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯),然后采用乳化法或双乳化法在选择性溶剂中将分子刷分别自组装成纳米胶束。纳米胶束用于包载疏水性药物。根据上面的思路,本课题主要研究内容包括:a)多元聚合物分子刷的设计、合成与表征;b)多元聚合物分子刷在选择性溶剂中的自组装、结构与性能表征;c) 研究纳米胶束酸敏性规律和药物释放规律;d)研究肿瘤靶向纳米载体细胞毒性、在细胞内药物释放和对肿瘤的治疗效果,并与非靶向载体进行性能比较。成功合成一系列pH响应性和还原响应性的新型可降解接枝聚合物,包括带靶向的,并自组装成纳米胶束,同时高效包载了抗肿瘤药物DOX(阿霉素),细胞实验证明这种双响应性纳米药物载体能成功把抗肿瘤药物运输到肿瘤细胞里面并智能释放药物。一系列新型材料包括三元接枝共聚物PGMA-g-(PCEMA-r-PtBA-r-MPEG),二元接枝共聚物P[Asp(MEA)-r-Asp(HMTPA)-r-Asp(PEG)-r-Asp(PDEAEMA)],二元接枝共聚物(PGMA-g-(PCEMA-r-MPEG)),FA-PEG-b-PAsp(MEA)-b-PAsp(DMAEA)等,在RSC Advances, Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, Biomaterials,Carbohydrate Polymers, Chemistry-A European Journal等杂志发表5篇SCI论文,申请3项国家专利。项目培养3名研究生。项目为纳米药物载体用于肿瘤治疗的研究增添若干种新型的材料,丰富了高分子材料自组装理论,为高分子合成和纳米药物载体用于肿瘤治疗的理论研究做出一定的贡献。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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