海南地区不同热经历人群的热舒适研究

Thermal comfort is the precondition to establish indoor and outdoor thermal environment standards. The thermal comfort in hot-humid area is being regarded recently. The tropical climate characteristic of Hainan is high temperature, strong radiation and wind velocity, which makes it different obviously from other hot-humid area in China. Distinct climate features make some feature of the native people different from others, which include physiological thermal acclimatization, psychological thermal adaptation and behavior habit. And people all around the world gather into Hainan International Tourism Island, the newest research result shows that people, who have different thermal history, have different thermal respects on the same thermal environment. Thus, it is an urgent and important problem for Hainan sustainable development to research and resolve, how to construct comfortable indoor and outdoor environment for people who have different thermal history..Based on the above circumstance, the representative city including Haikou and Sanya city, which locates in the north and south of Hainan island separately, are picked out in the project, and the people in the above two cities are selected to be subjects in the study ,who have different thermal history. The effects of thermal history on thermal comfort will be researched systematically. The basic data of thermal comfort will be obtained for people in the indoor and outdoor environment, who are native, long-term residence outsiders and short-time visitors. The affect mechanism between thermal history and thermal comfort will be analyzed, and corresponding design indices will be proposed for indoor and outdoor thermal environment and the application of them will be analyzed. This project has important scientific significance and application value, which fills in the vacancy of indoor and outdoor thermal comfort in tropics area of Hainan, and propel the mechanism research on how thermal history affecting thermal comfort.

人体热舒适是制定室内外热环境标准的前提。近年来湿热地区的人体热舒适逐渐被关注。海南具有全年高温、强辐射和大风速等显著有别于我国其他湿热地区的热带气候特征，独特的气候使得海南本地人的生理习服、心理适应和行为习惯有所不同。同时，海南作为国际旅游岛又把各地人群聚到一起，最新研究表明具有不同热经历背景的人对热环境的反应不同。因此，研究、营造让不同人群满意、舒适的室内外热环境，是海南可持续发展亟需解决的重要问题。.基于此，本项目选择北部和南部代表城市海口和三亚，以两地不同热经历人群为受试对象，系统开展热经历对人体热舒适的影响研究，获取海南本地人、长期居住外来人和短期游客在室内和室外热环境的热舒适基础数据，分析热经历对热舒适的影响机理，提出相应的室内外热环境设计指标并作应用分析。该项目既填补了海南热带地区室内外热舒适研究的空白，又推进了热经历对人体热舒适影响的机理研究，具有重要的科学意义和实际应用价值

人体热舒适是制定室内外热环境标准的前提。近年来高热湿气候环境的人体热舒适被大量关注。海南是我国唯一具有热带海洋高湿热气候特征的省，独特的气候使得海南本地人的生理习服、心理适应和行为习惯有所不同，也吸引全国各地和邻近的俄罗斯人到海南过冬，是研究具有不同热经历背景的人对热环境的反应的最佳实验场所。.通过对不同热经历人群在边缘热带地区（海口）和中热带（三亚等）地区的室内外环境人体热舒适现场研究及长期生活在热带环境本地人群的人工气候室热反应机理研究，获取了长期居住外来人和短期游客在室内外环境的热舒适基础数据及海南本地人群热反应基础数据，统计分析得到不同热经历人群在边缘热带、中热带区室内外热舒适指标，如中热带区来自于寒冷、严寒、夏热冬冷、夏热冬暖和温和地区的人群的室外热中性温度PET分别为25.7℃、25.3℃、23.9℃、24.9℃、25.4℃和23.8℃；边缘热带区来自于温带季风、中纬度干旱、中纬度半干旱、亚热带季风、热带季风、高地气候的人群的室外热中性温度PET分别为23.3℃、24.3℃、23.2℃、24.0℃、24.0℃和24.2℃。海岸景区不同季节的人体热舒适环境指标，如边缘热带地区海口不同季节人体热中性温度分别为冬季19.2℃, 春季23.8 ℃和秋季23.3℃，室外热环境90％可接受的PET范围：春季为21.4–27.1℃，秋季为19.2–32 ℃，冬季超过15.9℃；风速的可接受范围是冬季为0.6–2.5 m / s，春季和秋季为0.6–3.5 m / s；可接受的太阳辐射范围是秋季为0-150 W / m2，冬季为0-250 W / m2；中热带区本地人群的热中性有效温度（28.4℃）高于边缘热带区本地人群（27.6℃），高于同广州人群（26.9℃）。边缘热带与中热带地区人体热舒适的室外热环境存在显著差异，边缘热带地区TSV=0时对应的平均空气温度为26.9℃低于中热带地区(28.8℃)，研究给出了相应的室内外热环境设计策略和建议。该项目既填补了热带气候不同热经历人群的室内外热舒适研究，为一带一路的东南亚同气候类型的国家提供参考，又促进了热经历对人体热舒适影响的机理研究，具有重要的科学意义和实际应用价值。