Despite of the therapeutic potential of islet transplantation in the treatment of type 1 diabetes, further studies are warranted in order to control the detrimental alloresponse and prolong the survivals of islet grafts. We have obtained valuable experiences in studying the immune rejection in a islet transplanted mouse model. The recent appreciation of the functions carried out by Th17 cells in graft rejection, as revealed in our previous studies, has opened up the possibility of a new area for immune modulation. We showed that adaptive transfer of Th17 cells caused prompt graft rejection, and regulatory T (Treg) cells exerted protective activities on islet grafts by blunting Th17 response in the mouse model of islet transplantation. TIM-3, one of the key members in the TIM family,is known to negatively regulate T cells by providing an inhibitory signal through banding with its natural ligand. The function of TIM-3 pathway in Th1 cells has been well documented. However, we showed that, in addition to Th1 cells, TIM-3 is also highly expressed on Th17 and Treg cells. Interestingly, the impacts of TIM-3 pathway on these two T cell subsets appear distinct, indicating its important role in transplantation. Blockade of TIM-3 by its specific antagonistic antibody led to partial abrogation of the function of Treg cells, and a remarkable reduction in the apoptosis of Th17 cells. However blocking TIM-3 had no such effect on the apoptosis of Treg cells. To this end, we seek to investigate the functionality of Treg cells in protecting grafts by inhibition of the detrimental Th17 response in the islet transplanted mouse model. Furthermore, we determine to dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of Treg, providing further evidences to cement the rational of the therapeutic implication of Treg cells in clinical islet transplantation.
胰岛移植可能成为根治I型糖尿病的重要手段,但是如何减少移植排斥, 延长移植物存活目前尚不明确。申请人前期在利用小鼠胰岛移植模型,研究移植排斥的分子机制方面积累了较好的研究基础。我们新近发现Th17细胞能直接导致小鼠胰岛移植物的急性排斥反应,而调节T细胞(Treg)能明显抑制Th17细胞活性, 诱导免疫耐受。TIM-3是TIM蛋白的重要成员,能介导抑制信号,下调T细胞反应。既往研究强调了TIM-3在Th1细胞的生物学效应。但是我们发现,TIM-3除了在Th1细胞膜表面表达,还存在于Treg和Th17细胞;而且TIM-3信号通路在Treg和Th17细胞的生物效应显然不同,提示TIM-3信号在移植免疫中的重要作用。基于以上的研究基础,本项目拟通过小鼠胰岛移植模型,研究 Th17细胞引起移植排斥反应的具体机制;阐明Treg体内抑制Th17细胞的分子机制,为Treg在临床胰岛移植中的应用奠定理论基础
胰岛移植可能成为根治I型糖尿病的重要手段,但是如何减少移植排斥, 延长移植物存活目前尚不明确。为此,我们通过小鼠胰岛移植模型,探究TIM-3/Gal-9信号通路对Th17细胞和Treg的作用,以及在胰岛移植模型中的应用情况。通过实验,我们证实了:1. Th17细胞在胰岛移植排斥中发挥重要作用,2.阐释TIM-3信号通路在Treg对Th17细胞免疫调节中的重要作用,3.证实Treg体内抑制Th17细胞活性保护移植物,4.初步建立体外扩增人Treg的实验方法。我们的体外实验证明TIM-3/Gal-9信号通路可能是Treg对Th17细胞亚群免疫抑制(包括细胞增值,细胞凋亡等)的重要信号途径。但是,在移植动物体内通过TIM-3/Gal-9阻断抗体RTM3-23阻断这条通路,未明显影响Treg的移植物保护效应。相对于Treg处理组,RTM3-23抗体处理组的胰岛移植物存活时间无显著差异。目前尚不清楚这是否与抗体体内作用效能有关,亦或是体内存在其他的不依赖于TIM-3/Gal-9通路的机制。为此,我们将实验进行了调整。实验调整为:1.间充质干细胞(MSC)联合亚剂量雷帕霉素对小鼠胰岛移植物的保护作用及其机制研究。2.二甲双胍对改善NOD小鼠糖尿病发病中的作用及在Ⅰ型糖尿病中的应用的研究。.我们发现,1.MSC联合亚剂量雷帕霉素可以起到保护胰岛移植物的作用。将受体鼠的MSC与胰岛共移植入C57/B6小鼠的肾被膜下,同时应用亚剂量的雷帕霉素,可明显延长胰岛移植物的生存期,减少移植物周围炎细胞浸润。2.体外实验中,使用二甲双胍可以改变Treg/Th17的平衡,增加Treg数量,减少Th17的数量,并且抑制了Th1的增殖。而在NOD小鼠的体内实验中,应用了二甲双胍组,减少了胰岛周围炎的程度。本项目的重要意义为1.在MSC联合亚剂量雷帕霉素对胰岛移植物的保护作用研究中,发现单纯使用MSC与胰岛共移植,不能延长胰岛移植物生存期,而全剂量的雷帕霉素会对胰岛功能产生较大影响,新方案疗效显著且减少了副作用。2.以往认为二甲双胍只对Ⅱ型糖尿病有作用,对Ⅰ型糖尿病无效,而我们的实验从全新的角度阐释了二甲双胍在Ⅰ型糖尿病中的独特作用,对Ⅰ型糖尿病的预防有提示意义。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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