基于空间平台的微弱时敏目标协同检测与识别

Spaceborne platform radar systems which are space-time widely distributed could work globally, all-day and all-weather, which enormously increase the ground surveillance, three-dimensional target observation and space-time continuous reconnaissance. The main problems are the severe nonhomogeneous clutter characteristic, the worse synchronization and mismatched data in space and time domain, the dramatic degradation of accumulation of weak and time-critical target, and the great difficulty in detection and identification of target with wide-distributed spaceborne radars. This project will focus on the weak and time-critical target cooperative detection, robust identification and recognition scientific problems under seriously nonhomogeneous ground clutter with multi-based spaceborne platform radar systems which are space-time widely distributed. We will carry out researches on weak and time-critical target detection and identification with multi-based spaceborne radar systems, including robust and real-time clutter suppression methods, target detection and cooperated-tracking approaches, information fusion based target identification techniques, and then we will establish the theoretical framework of weak and time-critical target detection and identification, which would not only provide the fundament to breakthrough in space-based information network principle theory and key techniques, but also have great theoretical significance and wide application foreground in space-based information collection. The research can be well used in high-resolution ground observation, ocean-going mission, assistance in emergencies, and spaceborne early warning and spaceflight measurement and control.

空间平台网络大时空跨度多基雷达能够全球范围、全天时、全天候工作，大大增加系统对地监视能力。空间平台雷达通过对空间时敏目标的立体观测和时空连续监视，实现对时敏目标进行有效检测、预警和跟踪，其面临杂波非均匀分布特性复杂、时空数据配准差，目标微弱时敏且相干积累性能恶化，大时空跨度多平台协同检测与融合识别困难问题。本项目将针对大时空跨度空间平台雷达微弱时敏目标的检测与识别面临的严重非均匀杂波背景下微弱时敏目标协同检测、稳健跟踪与融合识别等科学问题，开展空间平台稳健实时的杂波抑制、微弱时敏目标协同检测与跟踪以及时敏目标有效识别方法研究，建立微弱时敏目标检测与识别系统理论与方法，为空间信息网络基础理论与关键技术突破奠定基础，具有重要的理论意义和空间态势信息获取等方面广阔的应用前景。其研究成果可应用于高分辨对地观测、远洋航行、应急救援、天基预警、航天测控等方面。

针对空间平台雷达微弱时敏探测与识别过程中存在的短数据、孔径缺失、大视角与非均匀杂波背景科学问题开展深入研究。论证构建了空间平台雷达目标检测、成像、识别系统理论与体制，提出了基于非均匀杂波背景下性能优化的多平台杂波抑制与时敏目标检测方法；利用稀疏重构理论，提出了空间微动目标及微弱群目标的高精度ISAR成像算法；结合空间轨道信息，提出了低信噪比、小样本条件下的稳健空间时敏目标识别算法；搭建了空间时敏目标检测、成像与识别全数字集成仿真实验系统与半实物仿真平台。共计发表学术论文20多篇，EI索引20篇；申请专利20多项项，其中授权专利10项。为实现空间监视雷达对在轨卫星、弹道导弹及空间碎片等进行有效检测、预警、跟踪与识别奠定基础，有效提升了空间监视以及对空间资源的开发能力，具有重要的理论与应用价值。