杜鹃兰新生假鳞茎抑制机理及其丛生芽诱导途径研究

Cremastra appendiculata (D. Don.) Makino (Orchidaceae), a perennial, important and rare medicinal orchid. Its pseudobulbs are used as medicinal materials, an important and shortage medicinal materials for export. The wild resources of C. appendiculata are scarce, and there is an obvious contradiction between the market supply and demand. So, the artificial planting of C. appendiculata is pressing. We found the following issues when last National Natural Science Foundation on the physio-ecological adaptability C. appendiculata and the suitable conditions for artificial cultivation was implemented, namely, the newborn pseudobulbs of C. appendiculata had strong inhibitory effect to other series pseudobulbs, coupled with the minimal adventitious buds on the pseudobulb surface, thus limited greatly the reproduction of C. appendiculata, and it has become a bottleneck restricting to develop and utilize this rare resources. Therefore, this study intends to adopt the methods combining the morphological observation and structural anatomy, and combining metabolic regulation and physio-biochemical analysis, to research the physiological mechanism that led to the inhibitory effect of newborn pseudobulbs. To use physical, chemical and biological methods, get rid of the inhibitory effect of newborn pseudobulb. By means of chemical regulation and genetic engineering, to establish the multiplication technology of pseudobulb clustered shoots, aiming to break through the technological bottleneck of seedlings propagation in artificial cultivation. This study was designed to provide the scientific basis for the sustainable utilization of C. appendiculata, it has great significance in theory, resources protection and industrial applications.

杜鹃兰是兰科重要珍稀多年生药用植物，以假鳞茎（毛慈菇）入药，为重要紧缺中药材（也是重要出口药材）。该物种野生资源匮乏，市场供需矛盾突出，急需进行人工种植。在执行上一个国家自然科学基金项目"杜鹃兰的生理生态适应性与人工种植适宜条件研究"过程中，我们发现杜鹃兰新生假鳞茎对串联的其它假鳞茎有强烈抑制作用，加之假鳞茎不定芽极少，从而极大地限制了杜鹃兰的繁殖（因杜鹃兰仅以假鳞茎繁殖），成为制约该重要珍稀资源开发利用的瓶颈。为此，本研究拟采用形态发生观测与结构解剖相结合、代谢调控与生理生化分析相结合等方法，探索杜鹃兰新生假鳞茎抑制作用形成的生理机理；以物理、化学和生物等方法，破除新生假鳞茎的抑制作用；通过化学调控和基因工程等手段，建立假鳞茎丛生芽增殖技术，以突破其人工种植中种苗繁殖的技术瓶颈。本研究旨在为杜鹃兰这一重要珍稀资源的可持续利用提供科学依据，在理论、资源保护与产业化应用等方面均具有重要意义。

杜鹃兰是兰科重要珍稀多年生药用植物，以假鳞茎入药，为重要紧缺中药材。杜鹃兰有性生殖极其困难，仅以假鳞茎繁殖。前期研究发现，杜鹃兰新生假鳞茎对串联的其它假鳞茎有强烈抑制作用，加之假鳞茎不定芽极少，从而极大地限制了杜鹃兰的繁殖，成为制约该重要珍稀资源开发利用的瓶颈。为此，本研究采用形态发生观测与结构解剖相结合、代谢调控与生理生化分析相结合等方法，探索了杜鹃兰新生假鳞茎抑制作用形成的生理机理；以物理、化学和生物等方法，破除了新生假鳞茎的抑制作用；通过化学调控和基因工程等手段，建立了假鳞茎丛生芽增殖技术，从而为该珍稀资源的理论研究、种质保护与产业化应用提供了依据。