P-glycoprotein, encoded by mdr1 (abcb1) gene, is not only a novel molecule regulating drug resistance of cancer cells, but also involved in many physiological processes due to wide distribution in normal tissues. Preliminary studies indicated that down-regulation of p-glycoprotein expression impaired insulin granules acidification and secretion, but the underlying molecular mechanism is unclear. We hypothesize that p-glycoprotein may interact with L-type calcium channels of plasma membrane and chloride channel 3 (ClC-3) of insulin granular membrane, consequently regulate insulin granules acidification and release. In order to verify the hypothesis, we will modulate p-glycoprotein expression (overexpression and RNA interference) of pancreatic beta cells in vitro (INS-1 cells, primary cells and islets) and in vivo (gene or RNA-silencer transfer mediated by adenovirus in rat). Insulin secretion assays, whole cell patch clamp, calcium loading measurement, insulin granular pH measurement pancreas perfusion and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test will be performed to validate p-glycoprotein functions regulating insulin granules acidification and secretion. In addition, we will use immunohistochemistry (coforcal microscope and electric microscope) to detect intracellular localization of p-glycoprotein, yeast two-hybrid to screen p-glycoprotein-associated proteins, calcium channel blockers to identify the calcium channel types which recognized by p-glycoprotein. Investigation of p-glycoprotein will reveal mechanisms of insulin secretion defect of pancreatic beta cells in type 2 diabetes mellitus. P-glycoprotein may become one of the new targets of anti-diabetic drugs.
Mdr1基因调控的P糖蛋白是肿瘤细胞耐药机制的重要环节,并且广泛分布在正常组织参与多项生理过程。前期研究表明P糖蛋白表达下调削弱胰岛素颗粒酸化和释放,但机理未深入阐明。我们提出假说:P糖蛋白可能通过调节胰岛素颗粒膜氯离子通道3和细胞膜钙离子通道影响胰岛素颗粒的酸化和胞吐过程。为了验证假说,我们将上调(过表达)和下调(RNA干扰)大鼠beta细胞P糖蛋白的表达,采用胰岛素(原)分泌测定、膜片钳胞吐测定、胞内钙离子浓度测定、胰岛素颗粒pH值测定等方法从分子、细胞到组织以及体内实验多方面验证P糖蛋白调节胰岛素颗粒酸化和释放的生物功能;利用免疫组化探测P糖蛋白的胞内定位、酵母双杂交筛选P糖蛋白相关蛋白、药理性阻滞确定与P糖蛋白相互作用的钙离子通道类型等实验手段,具体研究其中的分子机制。通过对P糖蛋白这一新视点的研究揭示2型糖尿病beta细胞分泌缺陷的病生理机制。
研究初定靶点为mini-P糖蛋白(65Kda)调控胰岛素分泌及胰岛素囊泡酸化。验证中发现mini-P糖蛋白是P糖蛋白(170Kda)的降解物,因此P糖蛋白为最终研究靶点。实验证实大鼠胰岛中P糖蛋白主要在B细胞表达,受abcb1b基因调控,与P糖蛋白高表达组织比较(脑、肾脏),胰岛的表达量明星偏低。RNAi和腺病毒技术调控P糖蛋白表达,膜片钳和ELISA实验证实大鼠高糖刺激下胰岛素分泌与P糖蛋白表达呈正相关,下调P糖蛋白增加了基础胰岛素分泌。P糖蛋白表达与细胞钙离子内流(染料测定),酸化(PTI非特异性胞内测定)呈正相关。体外实验发现P糖蛋白表达变化与胰岛细胞调亡、胰岛素合成无明确相关性。通过RNA表达芯片分析,证实P糖蛋白表达与腺苷酸环化酶(AC)表达呈正相关,因此,AC-cAMP-PKA-CREB通路加入到实验,旨在进一步验证P糖蛋白调节胰岛素基因、调亡蛋白基因及钙离子通道基因。免疫共沉淀证实P糖蛋白与caveolin-1为关联蛋白,P糖蛋白本身或通过caveolin-1与ATP钾通道、AC及氯通道3有关联,除ClC3外,其他蛋白均为脂筏相关蛋白,而脂筏是胰岛素分泌的重要场所,因此,P糖蛋白可能通过脂筏结构-离子通道胞内转运-钾、钙电流调控网络调节胰岛素分泌。P糖蛋白底物环孢素A、黄连素对胰岛素分泌的影响与P糖蛋白基因调控所取得的结果一致。建立P糖蛋白过表达大鼠模型,ivGTT, C肽分泌,胰高糖素分泌,高脂饮食耐受,高胰岛素血症造模及原代细胞钙内流、胞内pH值测定、脂筏结构变化测定等实验即将开展。本实验为后续的临床研究提供了方向:1)从减少免疫抑制剂攻击、促进胰岛素分泌,抑制胰岛细胞调亡和影响胰岛细胞分化等4个维度验证上调P糖蛋白表达对胰岛移植临床转归的影响;2)糖尿病治疗方案对乳腺癌细胞P糖蛋白表达、化疗敏感性及预后的影响;3)针对P糖蛋白改善化疗敏感性的辅助疗法是对新发糖尿病影响;4)P糖蛋白表达-糖尿病睡眠障碍人群-血管并发症之间的相关性。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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