模块化环形绕组全超导同步电机的磁热电耦合特性研究

High-temperature superconducting(HTS) motor is a hot research subject in the field of superconductor application. The no-resistance feature and Messner state of superconductor could help the motors to realize the high-efficiency and high-power density characteristics. However, the researches on HTS motors are mainly concentrated on low-speed half-superconducting motors which are adopted on the ship electrical propulsion, because HTS motors cannot be adopted on the aerospace field which requires the motors should be small-sized, high-efficiency, and high-power density due to the electromagnetic and mechanical characteristics of superconductor. This project presents a novel modular ring winding fully superconducting motor structure to solve those problems. The novel structure adopts the modular ring winding to solve the problem that the superconductor cannot bend to small size; and adopts the modular structure and timesharing DC power supply to reduce the AC loss of superconductor and volume of cooling system as well. This project would analyze the novel HTS motors’ mechanical characteristic, YBCO superconductor working performance with complex magnetic field, and quench, then explore the fully HTS motor working characteristic, and figure out the mechanism of electric-magnetic-thermal-mechanical coupling in HTS motors. Through the research of HTS motors, the prototype consideration to high-efficiency, high power density and small size could be manufactured to verify the validity and this would be a solid technical reserve for unmanned aircrafts, all electrical aircrafts and aerospace electrical actuators.

高温超导电机的研究是超导应用领域内重点热点研究课题。高温超导材料的无阻性、抗磁性可以实现电机系统的高功率密度和高效率。但是现阶段受到高温超导材料的电磁特性和机械特性的影响，高温超导电机的研发集中于半超导低速电机，对于强调小质量、高效率的航空航天等领域，超导电机一直没有得到相应的重视。因此，本课题提出一种新型的模块化环形绕组的全超导同步电机形式，采用环形绕组和模块化拼接方法，解决现有超导材料无法应用在小型电机中的问题；利用模块化分时脉冲直流供电的方式减小全超导电机的交流损耗，达到高可靠高效率的输出特性，同时减小了冷却压力和制冷系统的体积。通过本课题的实施，可以对该种类型的全超导电机的机械特性、超导特性、失超回复特性等分析，探索全超导电机的运行特性，明确高温超导电机的电磁力热多物理场耦合机理，实现高温超导电机的高效率、高功率密度和小型化，为未来无人机、全电飞机、航天执行机构做技术储备。

高温超导电机的研究是超导应用领域内重点热点研究课题。高温超导材料的无阻性、抗磁性可以实现电机系统的高功率密度和高效率。但是现阶段受到高温超导材料的电磁特性和机械特性的影响，高温超导电机的研发集中于半超导低速电机，对于强调小质量、高效率的航空航天等领域，超导电机一直没有得到相应的重视。因此，本课题提出一种新型的模块化环形绕组的全超导同步电机形式，采用环形绕组和模块化拼接方法，解决现有超导材料无法应用在小型电机中的问题；利用模块化分时脉冲直流供电的方式减小全超导电机的交流损耗，达到高可靠高效率的输出特性，同时减小了冷却压力和制冷系统的体积。通过本课题的实施，明确了高温超导电机的运行策略和拓扑结构，给出了高温超导电机的设计思路，给出了高温超导载流能力判断方法、测试数据，并通过试验验证了高温超导线圈的绕制方法，通过试验验证了本项目的研究理论。