机场跑道飞机拦阻系统的几个关键力学问题研究

In recent years,the airport runway end safety issues of China have become increasingly prominent. A passive safety system is of great significance to improve the margin of safety of our airports, known as engineering materials arresting system (EMAS). In this research program, we will establish a dynamic model of aircraft arresting system at airport runway end and conduct experimental verifications. Firstly, several tests of the concrete foam specimens with different mixture proportions are conducted. The testing effort for the concrete foam material involves static compression tests, dynamic compression tests and environmental tests. The testing results can be used to evaluate the energy absorption capacity of the material and the effects of climatic conditions. Based on the results, good performance of foam materials is determined. Then, the coupled dynamic behavior of wheel/foam material contact is studied by theoretical analysis and numerical simulation to develop a dynamic model of aircraft arresting system. Finally, to verify the theoretical model, a series of full-scale tests will be conducted using a military aircraft. The measured and predicted results are then compared to improve the theoretical model. Further, a predictive analytics software of applying to the multi-aircraft types arresting system, which can be used to perform the integrated design and evaluate the mechanical behavior of landing gear, is developed. This will provide some important technical support for the development of EMAS in China.

近年来，我国的机场跑道端安全问题日益突出，研制基于工程材料的飞机拦阻系统对提高我国机场安全裕度具有重大意义。本项目拟建立飞机跑道端拦阻系统动力学模型，并进行实验验证。首先，对不同配比方案的泡沫混凝土拦阻材料进行准静态、动态压缩实验以及耐久性实验，系统地研究拦阻材料的能量吸收机理并统计分析环境对其拦阻性能的影响，确定性能优异的拦阻材料；在选定拦阻材料的基础上，将理论分析和数值模拟仿真相结合，研究飞机机轮与拦阻材料的耦合冲击动力学行为，建立飞机拦阻系统动力学模型；最后，以某型军用飞机为拦阻目标，进行全机通过性实验和拦阻实验，根据实验结果对飞机拦阻系统动力学模型进行改进和完善，开发出具有一体化设计和起落架力学性能评估的多机型拦阻系统预测分析软件，为我国飞机拦阻技术的发展提供支持。

本项目建立了飞机跑道端拦阻系统动力学模型，并进行实验验证。首先，对不同配比方案的泡沫混凝土拦阻材料进行准静态、动态压缩实验以及耐久性实验，系统地研究拦阻材料的能量吸收机理并统计分析环境对其拦阻性能的影响，确定性能优异的拦阻材料配比方案；在选定拦阻材料的基础上，将理论分析和数值模拟仿真相结合，研究飞机机轮与拦阻材料的耦合冲击动力学行为，建立飞机拦阻系统动力学模型；最后，以大型飞机为拦阻目标，进行全机拦阻实验，根据实验结果对飞机拦阻系统动力学模型进行改进和完善，开发出具有一体化设计和起落架力学性能评估的多机型拦阻系统预测分析软件，制定出拦阻系统设计咨询参考手册，为我国以后的飞机拦阻系统设计提供技术支持。该项目的重要成果发表在航空航天类顶级学术期刊：《Progress in Aerospace Sciences》; 《Aerospace Science & Technology》以及Q1区的国际专业学术期刊《Applied Mathematical Modelling》；《Materials & Design》和《Composite Structures》等上。