The epidermis is one of the major non-classical endocrine organs which possess enzymes synthesizing 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D[1,25(OH)2D]. However, little is known about the mechanism by which changes in the levels of calcium and calcium-regulating hormones affect 1,25(OH)2D synthesis in the epidermis. We have found that calcium upregulates the 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1alpha-hydroxylase critical for the synthesis of 1,25(OH)2D and the effect of calcium is enhanced by elevated levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and attenuated by elevated leves of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) in keratinocytes, the major cell type in the epidermis. Therefore, we hypothesize that calcium upregulates the synthesis of 1,25(OH)2D via E-cadherin and calcium receptor-mediated signaling and PTH and FGF23 modulate the effect of calcium via interacting with calcium signaling molecules. To test this hypothesis, we will first determine whether calcium upregulates 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1alpha-hydroxylase in keratinocytes via E-cadherin-catenin- or calcium receptor-mediated signaling. We will then determine whether the modulation of the calcium effects by elevated levels of PTH and FGF23 requires calcium signaling molecules in keratinocytes. Successful completion of this project will elucidate the mechanism by which calcium and extra-epidermal hormones (PTH and FGF23) affect the synthesis of 1,25(OH)2D in keratinocytes and will provide information for the development of strategies in the treatment of the disturbances in the vitamin D metabolism.
表皮能合成1,25(OH)2D,但在钙和钙调节激素异常时表皮1,25(OH)2D的分泌情况,尚不明确。我们发现在表皮角质形成细胞内,钙通过钙粘素上调合成1,25(OH)2D的1α羟化酶,而高浓度的甲状旁腺激素(PTH)和成纤维细胞生长因子23(FGF23)分别上调和下调钙的作用。因此,我们假设钙通过E-钙粘素和钙受体介导的信息传递调控表皮角质形成细胞内1,25(OH)2D的合成,而PTH和FGF23通过作用于钙的信息传递途径而影响1,25(OH)2D的合成。为了证明该假设,我们将观察钙是否通过诱导表皮角质形成细胞内E-钙粘素或钙受体介导的信息通路来调节1α羟化酶,并观察PTH和FGF23是否通过影响钙的信息传递分子来影响钙对1α羟化酶的调节作用。如能顺利完成这项研究将阐明钙和表皮外激素(PTH和FGF23)导致表皮角质形成细胞内1,25(OH)2D合成异常的机制,为寻求维生素D代谢紊乱治疗的新靶点提供信息。
在本项目的资助下,我们观察了E-钙黏素在钙调节表皮角质形成细胞株HaCaT中1,25-双羟维生素D【1,25(OH)2D】合成中的作用。我们发现,E-钙粘素介导了钙离子对1α羟化酶的刺激作用,从而促进1,25(OH)2D的合成代谢。我们还发现p120连接素(p120)反而对1α羟化酶有抑制作用,从而抑制了1,25(OH)2D的合成代谢。另外,我们发现,表皮组织和HaCaT表达甲状旁腺素受体1(PTH1R),并且,甲状旁腺素(PTH)上调1α羟化酶的蛋白水平,但对24羟化酶蛋白表达无影响,说明PTH促进1,25(OH)2D的合成代谢,而对1,25(OH)2D的分解代谢无作用。同时,PTH1-34上调 HaCaT 1α羟化酶是通过蛋白磷酸激酶 C(PKC)来完成的。同时,我们观察到成纤维细胞生长因子23(FGF23)四种受体(FGFR1、 FGFR2、FGFR3、FGFR4)中的FGFR2、FGFR3、FGFR4 及其辅助因子Klotho在表皮和HaCaT细胞有表达,而FGFR1无表达,并且,FGF23下调1α羟化酶的蛋白水平和上调24羟化酶蛋白水平,提示FGF23 抑制1,25(OH)2D的合成代谢并促进其分解。此外,我们发现FGF23可激活HaCat细胞的丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)/细胞外调节蛋白激酶(ERK1/2)和磷脂酰肌醇三激酶/蛋白酶B(PI3K/AKT)信号通路,通过激活MAPK中ERK1/2信号通路来调节HaCaT 1α羟化酶和24羟化酶。此外,我们发现,PTH1-34抑制HaCaT增殖并促进分化,并且该作用由PKC介导。而FGF23可以促进HaCaT增殖,并抑制其早期分化,但促进其晚期分化。我们通过利用条件性敲除动物模型发现,p120在抑制表皮增殖,促进表皮分化并维持表皮的渗透屏障功能中发挥重要作用,并且p120还能抑制鳞状上皮癌的发生。我们还发现,不良的维生素D的营养状况与鳞状上皮肿瘤、Graves病的发生有关,而常规使用的评价维生素D的营养状况的化学发光法常常低估了血清25羟维生素D2的浓度。本项目的实施完善了表皮组织中维生素D代谢的理论,为纠正机体异常状态下的维生素D代谢紊乱提供潜在的药物靶点。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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