The development mechanism of diabetic nephropathy (DN) is not clear yet. Although many DN animal models have been established in rodents, but these models can not well simulate the pathogenesis of human DN, because there are obvious differences in heredity, metabolism, kidney structure, immunity and lifespan between human and rodents. Thus,novel animal models were urgently established,so to explore the pathogenesis of DN, to discover new targets for drug development, and evaluate the efficiency of new drugs. Compared with small animals (such as rodents), large animals (such as mini-pigs) are more similar to humans with respect to kidney structure, metabolism and immune system,which can well simulate the development process of human DN. Thus, in this study, type 2 diabetic nephropathy animal models will be established in two species (rat and mini-pig) by feeding high-glucose and high-fat diets combined with small volume of streptozotocin injection;new anti-inflammatory drug pirfenidone are administered; and sample data banks are constructed. The changes and differences in autophagy (especially mitochondrial autophagy), Toll-like receptors in innate immune system, inflammatory reaction, oxidative damage in the renal tissues, and treatment efficacy are observed between two species models, so to compare the differences of development mechanism, to define the advantages and disadvantages of two species of diabetic nephropathy models, and to provide an ideal animal models for the mechanism study of diabetic nephropathy and efficacy evaluation of treatment drugs in the future.
2型糖尿病肾病(DN)发病机制尚不清楚。尽管已在啮齿动物建立了多种DN模型,但是由于人类和鼠类在遗传、代谢、肾脏结构、免疫、寿命等方面存在明显差异,这些模型并不能很好模拟人类DN发病过程,急需建立能真实模拟人类DN的新动物模型,以探索DN发生机理、发现药物新靶点及评价药物疗效。与啮齿动物相比,大动物(小型猪)在肾脏解剖结构、代谢、免疫等方面与人类更加类似,能够更好地模拟人类疾病的发生过程,因此本研究拟通过高糖高脂饮食结合小量链佐菌素注射同时建立两个物种(大鼠、小型猪)2型糖尿病肾病动物模型并使用新型抗炎药物吡非尼酮进行干预,建立两种模型样本数据库,观察两种模型肾组织中自噬(特别是线粒体自噬)、固有免疫Toll-like受体系统、炎症反应、氧化损伤等指标及疗效的差异,比较两种模型发病机制的差异,以明确两种DN模型的优缺点,从而为未来DN发生机制研究及药物有效性评价提供理想的实验动物模型。
糖尿病肾损伤的发病机理目前尚不很清楚,阐明糖尿病肾损伤的发病机理对于其防治具有重要的临床意义。最近研究表明,营养过剩引起的炎症可能在代谢性疾病肾损伤中起重要作用。NOD样受体(NLRs)是一类先天性免疫系统受体,分为两个亚家族NLRP和NLRC,它们可以激活下游细胞因子释放和相关的信号通路从而引起炎症。与啮齿动物相比,小型猪在解剖学、生理和病理学、肾脏功能和代谢动力学方面与人类具有更强的相似性,这表明小型猪是更理想的人类疾病研究模型。本研究中,我们使用高糖高脂饮食联合链脲佐菌素(STZ)注射的方法诱导建立糖尿病小型猪模型。血生化检测结果显示:与正常组相比,糖尿病模型组的血糖与胰岛素显著升高(P<0.05)、低密度脂蛋白水平及胆固醇明显升高(P<0.05);肾脏病理PAS染色提示:糖尿病组与正常组相比,出现肾小球明显肥大、肾小管直径变大等糖尿病肾损伤表型,说明我们成功构建了稳定的糖尿病肾损伤小型猪模型。我们系统地分析了糖尿病肾损伤小型猪肾组织中NLRP亚家族成员(NLRP1,NLRP3)及其下游细胞因子(IL-1β和IL-18的前体以及IL-1β和IL-18的成熟形式)、NLRC亚家族成员(NLRC1,NLRC2,NLRC5)及其下游核因子-κB(NF-κB)信号通路分子(IKKβ,IκBα和NF-κβp65)及炎性细胞因子[TNF-α,白介素-6(IL-6)]表达水平的变化。结果显示NLRP3及其下游细胞因子信号分子IL-1β和IL-18前体及成熟形式的表达显著上调;NLRC1,NLRC2,NLRC5的表达水平和下游NF-κB通路各分子的激活均显著增加;炎性因子TNF-α和IL-6表达水平显著升高。这些结果表明,由NLRs激活的代谢炎症可能在糖尿病肾损伤中起重要作用。以上研究成果为建立人类疾病模型,尤其是肾脏疾病模型提供了更理想的选项,NLRs家族可能成为糖尿病肾损伤的干预靶点,为疾病的临床治疗提供新的理论基础。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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