太阳爆发活动的三维重构

In recent years, to explore various solar eruptive activities in three-dimensional space is a popular topic. The main reason is that three-dimensional evolution of eruptive activities reflects their true physical process, which is of great importance to understand the occurrence and evolution of various activities. Filament eruption and coronal mass ejection (CME) are two of important solar activities, since previous observations are from one single viewpoint, the studies of filament eruption and CME are two-dimensional and influenced by projection effect. Recently, the multi-viewpoint observations from space satellites provide us a good opportunity to reconstruct filament eruption and CME. We will study the kinematic characteristic of eruptive filament and CME in three-dimensional space, analyze the relationship between the two solar activities, uncover the three-dimensional eruption process of filament eruption and CME. We will analyze the twist, the deflection and spatial direction of eruptive filament at its initial phase, probe into the role of kink instability in triggering filament eruption. By combining extrapolated coronal magnetic field, we will also study the effect of topology of coronal magnetic field on filament motion and CME propagation. The goals are to deepen the understanding of physical nature of solar eruptions, and to provide essential observational evidences for forecasting the solar storm and other spatial disastrous weather.

探索三维空间内的各种太阳爆发活动是近年来人们普遍关注的一个热点课题。其主要原因在于爆发活动的三维演化反映了其真实的物理过程，对于认识各种活动现象的发生和演化规律十分重要。暗条爆发和日冕物质抛射(CME)是两种重要的太阳活动现象,由于先前的数据都是来源于单一视角的观测，人们对它们的研究仅限于两维平面内，研究结果受投影效应的影响。近年来，空间卫星提供的多视角的观测数据为重构暗条爆发和CME创造了条件。我们将研究爆发暗条和CME在三维空间中的运动学特征，分析这两种太阳活动的关系，揭示暗条和CME的三维立体爆发过程；分析暗条在爆发初期的扭缠、偏转及空间取向等，探讨扭缠不稳定性在驱动暗条爆发时所起的作用；结合外推的日冕磁场，研究日冕磁场位形对暗条运动和CME传播的影响。力争通过对三维空间中暗条爆发和CME的研究，加深对太阳爆发活动物理本质的理解，为预报太阳风暴和空间灾害性天气提供必要的观测依据。

探索各种太阳爆发活动的三维演化特征是近年来人们普遍关注的一个热点课题。利用太阳动力学天文台等卫星的数据资料，我们对暗条、磁绳爆发和耀斑过程中的三维动力学演化进行了研究。主要结果有：提出了相似磁绳的概念，观测到的四个磁绳都位于活动区中性线的上方，足点扎根于相同的区域，且有相似的形态。对比分析了暗条对于通道内浮现的截然不同的表现，说明暗条通道内磁流浮现的位置对暗条的演化十分重要，当浮现发生在倒钩附近时，倒钩附近的磁缰截断重联很可能触发暗条的爆发；活动区的浮现也不足以破坏暗条系统的稳定性，而只有当磁流对消发生时暗条才可能爆发。报道了在宁静暗条通道内新的结构：亚角秒亮点和准周期外流。另外，详细研究了耀斑过程和耀斑前相的三维磁重联特征，发现滑动磁重联可以触发“三角旗”形磁绳的爆发，磁绳一端足点固定，而另一端足点则沿着鱼钩形的耀斑带发生滑动。发现了滑动磁重联的准周期特性，滑动的耀斑环足点为小尺度的亮点状结构，对应耀斑带的精细结构。这些亮点状结构沿耀斑带运动，同时也表现出准周期的特性。在耀斑前磁绳结构也表现出准周期滑动运动，滑动磁重联发生在与磁绳相关的准分割面内，驱动了磁绳的爆发和耀斑的发生。以上取得的研究成果为我们理解太阳爆发活动的本质提供了观测依据，为预报太阳风暴和空间灾害性天气提供了基础。