基于氢氧同位素分馏与元素迁移的葡萄酒产地溯源机制研究

The wine producing origin decides much of the wine value. However, the wine origin traceability is still a problem at present, especially for the superior small origins. The stable isotope and elemental analysis are the main technology used for the wine origin traceability, but the present research has no breakthrough on the traceability mechanism study, especially that the study of stable isotope fractionation and element enrichment mechanism is still limited during the growth and brewing of the grape, which greatly impact the origin traceability accuracy..The project is aimed to study the water source and H, O stable isotope fractionation effect during the growth of different kinds of grapes, and analyze the enrichment effect of different microelements in the different parts of the grapes, thus clarifying the differences source of the stable isotope and the microelements in the grape from wine origins, establishing effective wine origin traceability model for the small origins, and achieving the wine origin traceability for our country. The research helps to promote the development of wine origin traceability theory research in China, protect the value of the superior origins, and provide the technical support to promote the well development of the wine market in our country.

葡萄酒的产地在很大程度上决定了其价值，而对葡萄酒的产地溯源目前还是个难题，特别是对价值更高的优质小产区葡萄酒的溯源。稳定同位素和元素分析是目前应用于葡萄酒产地溯源的主要技术，但是目前的研究未能在溯源机理上有所突破，特别是在葡萄生长和酿造环节稳定同位素分馏和元素富集机制的研究仍然十分有限，极大影响了溯源的准确性。本项目将研究不同品种葡萄生长过程中的水分来源和H、O稳定同位素分馏效应，同时对不同微量元素在葡萄不同部位的富集效应进行分析，从而阐明葡萄酒的同位素和微量元素差异来源，建立有效的葡萄酒溯源模型，实现对我国不同产地葡萄酒的产地的精准溯源。本项目的研究有利于推进我国葡萄酒产地溯源理论研究的发展，加强我国优质葡萄酒原产地价值保护，为我国葡萄酒市场的健康发展提供技术支撑。

过去十多年，我国葡萄酒产业日益发展壮大，葡萄酒产量已经达到全球第二的水平。然而我国葡萄酒的产地保护意识和鉴别技术仍然处于起步阶段，特别是对一些优质产区的葡萄酒的产地溯源缺乏技术和理论的指导，不利于我国葡萄酒市场的健康发展以及进入国际市场。稳定同位素和元素分析是目前应用于葡萄酒产地溯源的主要技术，但是目前的研究未能在溯源机理上有所突破，特别是在葡萄生长和酿造环节稳定同位素分馏和元素富集机制的研究仍然十分有限，极大影响了溯源的准确性。本项目主要研究了不同品种葡萄（赤霞珠，雷司令，马瑟兰和霞多丽）生长过程中的水分来源和H、O稳定同位素分馏效应，揭示了水从土壤到植物再到葡萄酒中的水同位素分馏过程，阐明了葡萄和葡萄酒中水同位素分馏的影响机制。同时对不同微量元素在葡萄不同部位的富集效应进行分析，阐明了葡萄和葡萄酒中微量元素富集效应的差异，筛选了富集系数较高的元素(K、Sr、Rb、Mg、Fe等)指标作为葡萄酒产地溯源的主要指标。还采用同位素和元素指纹构建了我国葡萄酒溯源模型，产地识别准确率达到100%，验证准确率达到82.3%，基本实现对我国不同产地葡萄酒的产地的精准溯源，验证了该技术方法的可靠性。本项目的研究有利于从理论上揭示葡萄酒产地溯源的技术机理和影响因素，解决我国缺乏有效葡萄酒产地溯源技术的难题，加强我国优质葡萄酒原产地价值保护，为我国葡萄酒市场的健康发展和走出去战略提供技术支撑。