基于石墨烯与超表面融合机制的透明与柔性微波器件研究

With the development of military integrated stealth and civil 5G communication and networking technology, a new type of microwave device with transparent visualization and flexible wearable characteristics has become a hot research field in the future intelligent wireless communication. Microwave devices based on traditional three-dimensional materials are difficult to integrate, lack of transparency and poor flexibility. Graphene has the advantages of thin thickness, high strength, high light transmittance and good flexibility, but it has some problems such as high surface resistance and poor regulation in the microwave frequency range. The organic fusion of graphene and metasurface structure can realize the complementary advantages of the two kinds of two-dimensional materials, and break through the material process and technical bottleneck of transparent and flexible microwave devices. This project aims to explore multidimensional electromagnetic characterization and electromechanical coupling mechanism of the graphene and the metasurface, accurate electromagnetic control and patterning preparation technology, clarify the ultra-thin surface broadband absorbing stealth mechanism and efficient radiation sensing mechanism, mastering the integration technology of graphene, metasurface and transparent parts or flexible substrate, ultimately fulfill the structure design and functional verification of typical microwave devices such as graphene transparent broadband absorber, flexible and efficient wireless sensors. The potential applications of graphene and metasurface composites in the fields of microwave and optical integrated stealth, flexible and wearable microwave devices are explored.

随着军事综合隐身和民用5G通信及物联网技术的发展，具有透明可视化和柔性可穿戴特点的新型微波器件成为未来智能无线通信领域的研究热点。基于传统三维材料的微波器件面临着难于集成、不透光和柔韧性差等固有问题。石墨烯二维碳纳米材料具有厚度薄、强度高、透光率高、柔韧性好等优点，但在微波频段应用存在面电阻高和调控性差等问题。将石墨烯与超表面结构进行有机融合，可实现两种二维材料的优势互补，突破透明与柔性微波器件的材料工艺与技术瓶颈。本项目拟深入探究石墨烯与超表面的多维电磁表征与机电耦合机制、精确电磁调控与图案化制备技术，厘清石墨烯与超表面的超薄宽带吸波隐身机理与高效辐射传感机理，掌握石墨烯超表面与透明部件、柔性衬底的一体化融合技术，最终完成石墨烯透明宽带吸波器、柔性高效无线传感器等典型微波器件的结构设计与功能验证，发掘石墨烯与超表面复合材料在微波与光学综合隐身、柔性可穿戴微波器件等领域的应用潜力。

随着军事综合隐身和民用5G通信及物联网技术的发展，具有透明和柔性特点的新型微波器件成为未来智能无线通信领域的研究热点。石墨烯二维碳纳米材料具有厚度薄、强度高、透光率高、柔韧性好等优点，但在微波频段应用存在面电阻高和调控性差等问题。将石墨烯与超表面结构进行有机融合，可实现两种二维材料优势互补，突破透明与柔性微波器件关键技术。.本项目深入探究石墨烯与超表面的多维电磁表征与机电耦合机制、精确电磁调控与图案化制备技术，厘清石墨烯与超表面的超薄宽带吸波隐身机理与高效辐射传感机理，掌握石墨烯-超表面与透明部件、柔性衬底一体化融合技术，从而完成新型透明与柔性微波器件的结构设计与功能验证。.本项目经过四年研究，取得了一系列成果：（1）掌握了石墨烯-超表面的一体化融合方法，厘清了石墨烯-超表面的功分、耦合、衰减、滤波等电路传输机理和频选、吸波、辐射、传感等空间传输机理，构建了石墨烯薄膜的高隔离九路功分器、柔性宽带功分器、柔性定向耦合器、柔性可调衰减器和可调滤波衰减器等微波器件，揭示了石墨烯在阻抗调控和耦合传输方面的应用潜力；（2）建立了多层频选与吸波表面柔性化设计方法，掌握了多层石墨烯大尺寸可控制备与图案化加工方法，构建了柔性频选表面、多层石墨烯频选吸波器、石墨烯-超表面透明与柔性吸波器、石墨烯基小型化与超宽带吸波器、柔性多功能吸透频选，实现了石墨烯-超表面在透明与柔性电磁隐身材料和天线罩领域的示范应用；（3）建立了石墨烯与超表面的高效辐射设计方法，掌握了高导电多层石墨烯与可调石墨烯的制备工艺，构建了基于高导电多层石墨烯的毫米波多波束天线、无线传感器、圆极化与超宽带可穿戴天线，基于可调石墨烯的毫米波波束重构天线、太赫兹方向图和极化可重构天线、以及基于人工表面等离激元的双通带和双模态波束扫描天线，实现了石墨烯与超表面在柔性无线传感器、可穿戴天线和可重构天线领域的示范应用。