Functional oligosaccharides as important type of prebiotics, play an important role in probiotics proliferation, maintaining intestinal flora, andimproving the immunity of human body, and exhibit broad application prospects. There are still several drawbacks in the production of several oligosaccharides in large scale, such as low efficiency and high production cost, which are mainly caused by the scarcity of enzymes suitable for oligosaccharides’ production and complex structure of materials. Moreover, the structure and biological functions of the individual ingredients of different oligosaccharides have not been studied systematically and intensively, which also limit their commercial production and application. In the previous studies, we have made some achievements and obtained more than 10 novel glycoside hydrolases for oligosaccharides’ preparation. Here, on the basis of efficient bioconversion of two typical food polysaccharides viz.β-glucan and β-mannan, the proposal will further isolate and characterize novel glycoside hydrolases suitable for oligosaccharides production. Then the enzymes will be modified to improve catalytic efficiency and application adaptability for hydrolysis of food gums such as curdlan, guar gum. The individual ingredients of different oligosaccharides will be separated and studied for their structures and biological functions. Thus, the project will not only provide theoretical basis for the production of enzymes and oligosaccharides, but also have important application potential in industries.
功能性低聚糖作为一类重要的益生元,在益生菌增殖、调节肠道菌群平衡、提高机体免疫力等方面具有显著效果和广阔的应用前景。目前一些功能性低聚糖的生产还存在难题,如酶水解率低、生产成本高等。导致此问题的关键是缺乏适用于低聚糖制备的优良特异性酶和原料结构复杂。再者,不同单一组分低聚糖的结构与功能关系研究不够深入、缺乏系统性,也限制了低聚糖的普及。前期课题组已获得10多种可制备低聚糖的新型糖苷水解酶。本项目拟以两类典型的食品多糖即葡聚糖和甘露聚糖的酶法转化为代表,深入发掘新型适合低聚糖制备的特异性β-1,3葡聚糖酶和β-甘露聚糖酶,对比研究不同家族水解酶的特性、结构及作用机制,并在此基础上进行酶分子改造以提高其水解食品胶体(如可得然胶和瓜尔豆胶等)制备低聚糖的效率和应用适应性;同时研究所得低聚糖组分的分离、结构及功能并揭示其构效关系。研究结果对酶和低聚糖的生产具有重要的理论和实用价值。
可得然寡糖和甘露寡糖是两类功能性低聚糖(寡糖),作为重要的益生元,在调节肠道菌群、提高机体免疫力等方面具有显著的效果和广阔的应用前景。由于寡糖制备用优良水解酶缺乏和生产原料结构复杂,目前可得然寡糖和甘露寡糖的生产还存在许多难题,如水解效率低、生产成本高等。本项目基于葡聚糖和甘露聚糖的生物酶法转化,发掘适用于寡糖生产的特异性β-1,3-葡聚糖酶和甘露聚糖酶,并对其酶学性质、晶体结构和作用机制进行研究;通过理性设计和定向进化改造酶分子,提高其水解效率和寡糖制备中的应用适应性;同时分离鉴定制备的寡糖,并研究结构及功能活性,进一步揭示相关寡糖的构效关系。本项目已发掘得到8种可用于可得然寡糖和甘露寡糖生产的专用水解酶,解析了4种葡聚糖酶和甘露聚糖酶的晶体结构。分子改造了禾株链霉菌葡聚糖酶(SpGlu64A),得到了比酶活提高76%的突变体。理性设计微孢根霉甘露聚糖酶(RmMan134A),筛选出多个比酶活提高1倍以上的突变体。定向进化了米黑根毛霉来源甘露聚糖酶(RmMan5A),获得了一个在酸性高温条件下催化活性提高3倍以上的突变体(mRmMan5A)。实现了葡聚糖酶AaBglu12A和甘露聚糖酶RmMan5A的高效表达,产酶水平分别达159500和85200U/mL,是目前已报道的最高水平。利用上述水解酶制备了多种不同的功能性低聚糖,如可得然寡糖、魔芋甘露寡糖、棕榈粕甘露寡糖和部分水解瓜尔胶。体外发酵实验表明,可得然寡糖和甘露寡糖都具有良好的益生活性。动物实验表明,可得然寡糖和魔芋甘露寡糖具有调节机体免疫作用,部分水解瓜尔胶对衰老大鼠抗氧化和肠道菌群均具有良好的调节作用。本项目的研究成果为β-1,3-葡聚糖酶和甘露聚糖酶的研究提供了理论基础,也为可得然寡糖和甘露寡糖的高效制备提供了实践依据,具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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