土壤-蔬菜系统中全氟化合物的环境行为及其机制

Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), as a kind of emerging persistent organic pollutants causing serious damage to ecological environment and human health, have become an international frontier research topic of environmental science and toxicology in recent years. Many studies concerning PFCs have been conducted in water-aquatic organism systems, but there were only scattered reports in soil-crop systems. The project is proposed to study the environmental fate and bioavailability of PFCs in soil–vegetable system based on vegetable production bases in the Pearl River Delta area (Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Dongguan, Zhongshan, etc) through field sampling, greenhouse pot experiments and indoor simulation experiments and using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) analysis techniques. Two objectives are included: (1) to probe the pollution characteristics (compound types, levels, spatial distribution, potential sources, etc.) and environmental behaviors (adsorption, leaching, degradation, etc.) of PFCs in soil and irrigation water, and (2) to clarify the uptake, bioconcentrations (PFCs types, levels, dose effect, influence factors and species variation, etc.) and health risks of PFCs in vegetables. The project is beneficial to promote the development of agricultural environmental protection subject and to guarantee vegetable quality safety and human health.

全氟化合物（PFCs）作为对生态环境和人体健康有严重危害的新型持久性有机污染物已成为近年来环境科学与毒理学研究的国际前沿课题，在水体-水生生物系统已研究较多，但在土壤-农作物系统只有零星报道。本项目拟针对珠三角地区（广州、深圳、东莞、中山等市）蔬菜生产基地，利用高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)分析技术，通过田间采样分析，探讨区域土壤、灌溉水和蔬菜中PFCs的主要种类、含量水平、空间分布、污染来源、生物富集、品种差异、健康风险及其影响因素；通过室内模拟实验（吸附实验、土柱实验、降解实验），研究土壤中PFCs的环境行为（吸附、迁移、降解等）及其影响因素；通过盆栽实验，阐明不同土壤-蔬菜系统中PFCs的生物降解、吸收累积（生物富集、剂量效应、品种差异等）及其影响因素。从而揭示研究区土壤-蔬菜系统中PFCs的环境归宿与生物有效性，促进农业环保学科发展和保障蔬菜质量安全。

全氟化合物（PFCs）是新兴持久性有机污染物，对生态环境和人体健康有严重危害，已成为环境科学和毒理学研究的国际前沿问题，在水体-水生生物系统已研究较多，但在土壤-农作物系统的研究还很薄弱。本项目建立了土壤和蔬菜中典型PFCs（全氟羧酸类、全氟磺酸类、氟调聚醇及其降解产物）的高效分析方法，并以此针对珠三角地区（广州、佛山等）氟化工厂周边蔬菜基地，通过田间采样分析，查明区域蔬菜基地典型PFCs污染特征（主要化合物、含量水平、空间分布、污染来源）与风险水平（生态风险和人体健康风险）；通过室内模拟实验（吸附/解吸实验、土柱淋溶实验、降解实验等）揭示了典型全氟化合物在土壤及其粒径组分中的环境行为（吸附、解吸、迁移、降解等）及机制；并通过盆栽实验，阐明土壤-蔬菜系统中典型全氟化合物的吸收积累（生物富集、剂量效应、品种差异等）、生物降解及其影响因素，从而阐明研究区土壤-蔬菜系统中PFCs的环境归宿及机制，为PFCs污染土壤的治理和安全利用提供基础数据和技术支撑，并促进农业环保学科发展和保障蔬菜质量安全。