利用压电泵原理的喷射、雾化装置的机理与应用研究

Further research is indispensable for Piezo injection and atomization devices to fulfill their wide applications in many fields from the aerospace, medical, environmental protection, safety and energy saving to the harmonious development of the economy. Techniques to reach steady spray and realize full diffusion to micron-scaled droplets are critical in the research in these fields. To achieve the preceding objectives, the conventional equipment has to bear high pressure so that cause high cost, high energy consumption and high loss. In this study we realize that the high pressure in the system is from a single pressure source. Therefore, this project presents a method to increase the viscous friction of the sublayer and the fluid pressure gradually in a successive manner by designing a chamber structure with unsymmetrical slopes and the principle of the finger pump. The micro pump with moving cone angle is also used for direct driving to solve the contradictions between the high energy transfer and the high energy consumption required by conventional piezo injection and atomization devices. The idea of integration is insisted in the design of the device in which muti-functions and different micropumps are integrated into one pump. Research is focused on understanding the physical principles of the novel micropump with moving cone angle and the influencing factors of the geometry sizes, and finally to establish the design method for the pump, in which dispersing multi-point pressures is collected gradually to focus on one point. The developed piezo injection and atomization devices in this proposal are aimed to serve the applications of spray and the formation of micron-scale droplets. This project will promote the innovation capability in this field and contribute to the national defense and civil applications.

压电喷射、雾化装置在国计民生诸多领域具有广泛应用，贯彻和谐发展观以及航空航天、医疗卫生、绿色环保、安全节能诸领域对其提出了更高要求。其中以稳定喷射、离散充分的微米级液滴技术是该领域的重要发展方向。传统的该类装置为实现上述目标，全系统皆承高压，势必又会带来高能耗、高成本、高损耗的结果。为了解决这互为因果的矛盾。本研究发现系统高压原于压力源单一，所以提出利用非对称坡面腔底结构与手指泵原理逐次增加粘性底层的摩擦力及逐次增强流体压强；同时,利用动锥角微泵直接参与驱动，以求解决传统压电喷射、雾化装置的用基础高耗能来实现高目标能量传递与物质传输的矛盾。其途径就是利用"多泵一身、多功一点"的理念。探明动锥角微泵新概念的物理与几何方面的影响因素并建立其设计方法；使之融合于多点分散压力逐次集中于一点，为喷射、雾化微米级液滴服务是本研究的目的。本项目将提升我国该领域的源头创新能力，为该领域国防与民用做出贡献。

压电喷射、雾化装置在国计民生诸多领域具有广泛应用，贯彻和谐发展观以及航空航天、医疗卫生、绿色环保、安全节能诸领域对其提出了更高要求。其中以稳定喷射、离散充分的微米级液滴技术是该领域的重要发展方向。本研究提出了动锥角概念并对其进行了阐述，通过显微镜测量了不同电压下同一锥孔的尺寸变化来验证了动锥角的存在。对动锥角雾化机理进行了分析，推导了微锥孔体积变化公式，并从理论计算上验证了雾化器的微锥孔具有泵效应。通过扫频和定频实验发现布撒器的共振点和对应的振型并测量各个共振点的雾化量选择最后雾化频率。分别测量微直孔和微锥孔正、反向的雾化量，验证微锥孔参与并影响了雾化行为。通过测量粒径与电压的关系可知，驱动电压越大，锥孔变形越大，雾化片的出水口直径就会越小，产生的雾化颗粒粒径也就越小。将压电雾化器引入至喷雾干燥系统中，简化了结构，并阐述了该系统的工作原理，架构了相关软件。同时，实验验证了利用超声雾化器能够有效的减少颗粒的团聚。