具有震后功能可快速恢复能力的减隔震桥梁体系开发

China is an earthquake prone country and has experienced many destructive earthquakes. the experiences obtained from the destructive earthquakes suggests that that bridges connects the disaster areas and other areas play a very important role in the rescue work, in this case the robustness and fast recoverability of the bridge system must be guaranteed. The traditional earthquake design method pays more attention on strength and ductility. The strength design method enhances the strength of bridges to make all the materials in the structure remain in elastic range under earthquake excitation and the ductility design method increases the energy dissipation generated by appropriate plastic hinges. Compared to strength design methods, the ductility design method has advantages in saving materials cost, however, it also induces plastic damage of materials, which makes the bridges hard to repair after earthquake. As a supplement and optimization to the traditional seismic design, the application of seismic isolation and shock absorption for bridges becomes more and more popular in the high intensity earthquake districts. in this study, a new type of earthquake resilient bridge is developed, and its mechanical performance including resilience ability under earthquake excitation is verified by test, numerical simulation and theoretical analysis, then its analysis model and design method are obtained thus the application of earthquake reslient bridges can be extended.

我国大部分地区处于地震带，历次地震灾害经验表明，灾区桥梁结构作为疏散难民、运送救援物资的重要组成部分，不仅应确保地震作用下不倒塌，还应实现地震后能迅速投入使用，即：应具备震后功能可快速恢复的能力。传统的桥梁抗震设计以强度设计和延性设计为主：强度设计提高了结构的强度，使结构在弹性范围内抵抗地震力的作用；延性设计提高了结构的变形能力，通过设置塑性铰耗散地震能力。与强度设计相比，延性设计克服了材料浪费，经济性差的弊端，但也存在大变形下钢与混凝土的损伤问题，导致震后不易修复。桥梁减隔震措施作为对传统抗震设计思路的补充与优化，已逐渐在高烈度地区逐步应用，本课题拟开发适用于桥梁结构的新型减隔震产品，提出实现震后功能可快速恢复的桥梁结构体系，采用试验、数值模拟以及理论分析的手段对其在地震激励下的受力性能进行分析，提出其计算模型和设计方法，并开展震后功能可快速恢复桥梁结构的工程应用。

为提高桥梁结构震后功能的可恢复性，本研究开发了摩擦摆隔震支座，并开展了系列力学性能试验。开发了FPB用户单元，分析了FPB对结构抗震性能的影响，结合时程分析提出了相应的设计准则。开发了钢连梁纤维模型，能够精准模拟不同长度比和翼缘-腹板面积比钢连梁的滞回行为。通过与大量实验结果的对比，充分验证了该模型的模拟精度，此模型非常适用于含钢连梁的多肢墩柱桥梁体系的地震响应分析。研究了高阻尼橡胶支座及阻尼器的非线性抗震性能，结合时程分析，系统分析了中震和大震作用下，高阻尼橡胶支座、纵向粘滞流体阻尼器和横向软钢阻尼器的滞回性能及其对桥梁体系的结构响应和受力性能的影响。为提高桥梁结构抵抗地震荷载及震后自复位的能力，提出了一种耗能稳定的摩擦摆滑移支座。开发了三维隔震支座，以及可依据激励频谱特性和结构自身响应进行调整的智能三维隔震与隔振系统。研究成果为提高桥梁结构震后可恢复性提供重要的研究基础。