如何激励跨国企业员工知识共享？基于员工文化价值与顾客权力的视角

Effective knowledge sharing can help multinational corporations improve organizational management and increase competitive advantage. To motivate employees to share knowledge, prior studies have proposed that extrinsic (i.e., organizational rewards, reputation, and reciprocity) and intrinsic motivations (i.e., knowledge self-efficacy and altruism) influence knowledge-sharing behaviors. However, knowledge-sharing behaviors could be also influenced by culture and customer power. Based on this reason, this project will be composed of the following four sub-researches and make comparative studies in China, the United States, and Taiwan. The first sub-research is to investigate how country differences affect knowledge-sharing motivations based on Social Exchange Theory and Hofstede’s cultural framework. Besides country’s cultural values, the second and third sub-research will also integrate individual cultural values into the research model to be moderating effects. Thus, this project will be the first to investigate the integrative effects of the individual’s and country’s cultural values on knowledge-sharing motivations. The fourth sub-research will integrate Social Exchange Theory and Social Power Theory and treat customer power as a direct and moderating effect on knowledge-sharing motivations and behaviors. Similarly, this project will be also the first to investigate the moderating effect of customer power in knowledge sharing. Finally, the empirical findings and implications will help multinational corporations deploy knowledge management systems and implement the policies to encourage employees to share knowledge.

有效的知识共享,可以提高跨国企业经营水平、维持竞争力。为了促进企业员工贡献知识,过去的研究已经提出外在(组织奖励、声誉、互惠)和内在动机(知识自我效能、利他主义)会影响知识共享行为,但知识共享行为也可能受到「文化」和「顾客权力」的影响。本项目将从这两个视角去开展四个子研究,并使用大陆、美国、台湾地区的数据分析比较。第一个子研究基于社会交换理论和Hofstede文化概念,去调查国家差异如何影响知识共享内外在动机;第二、第三个子研究,除了国家文化层面,个人文化价值观也被纳入研究模型作为直接与调节变量,去调查个人和国家文化价值观综合影响知识共享动机;第四个子研究,整合社会交换理论和社会权力理论,将顾客权力作为知识共享动机与行为之间的调节变量,并试著在知识管理领域调查顾客权力的调节影响。最后将依据四个研究实证结果与建议,提供给跨国企业实施知识管理系统和鼓励员工共享知识的政策。

有效的知识共享可以提高跨国公司的运营水平并保持竞争力。为了鼓励员工贡献知识，以往的研究表明，外部（组织奖励，声誉，互惠）和内部动机（知识自我效能，利他主义）可以影响知识共享行为，但是知识共享行为也可能受到“文化”和“客户力量”的影响。该项目将从这两个角度进行四个子研究，并使用来自大陆，美国和台湾的数据进行分析和比较。第一个子研究基于社会交流理论和霍夫斯泰德的文化概念，以研究民族差异如何影响知识共享的内部和外部动机。第二和第三子研究除国家文化水平外，还与研究者变量直接相关的个人文化价值观也纳入研究模型，以研究个人和国家文化价值观对知识共享的综合影响。动机;第四个子研究将社会交换理论和社会权力理论结合起来，以客户力量为知识共享动机和行为之间的调节变量，并试图提高知识。管理领域研究了客户力量的监管影响。最后，根据四项研究的实证结果和建议，它将为跨国公司提供实施知识管理系统并鼓励员工共享知识的政策。