基于全喷涂技术的大面积钙钛矿太阳能电池关键问题研究

In recent years, the solution-processed organo lead halide perovskite solar cells attracted considerable attention because of their advantages of high energy conversion efficiency, low cost and ease of processing. The highest energy conversion efficiency for the perovskite solar cells has reached to 20.1% at the end of 2014. It is comparable to that of the crystalline silicon solar cell. However, there are seldom researches have been done for the fabrication of perovskite solar cell module with large area. How to fabricate perovskite solar cell module with large area and high efficiency is still a major problem for its practical application prospect. Herein, we intend to apply spray deposition technologies to controllably rapid fabricate semiconductor metal oxide layer, perovskite layer and hole conductive materials layer of perovskite solar cells. Through the investigation on the controlling factors of spray deposition, the physical model of the spray process and optimum working conditions of the spray deposition could be established. This proposal also focuses on the scientific questions relating to photoelectric conversion-the (morphology) structure of the films-spray conditions relationship and is attempt to develop new method and new technology for fabricating perovskite solar cell module with large area and improving photoelectric conversion efficiency. Based on the spray deposition techniques developed, we are going to obtain large area perovskite solar cells with area of 10 cm * 10 cm and efficiency over 12%.

近年来基于有机铅卤化物钙钛矿的太阳能电池发展迅速，最高效率已经达到了20.1%，接近晶硅太阳能电池的最高效率。但有关有机铅卤化物钙钛矿太阳能电池大面积制备方面的研究还鲜有报道,如何在廉价的条件下获得大面积高效率的钙钛矿太阳能电池模块是该电池走向实际应用的关键问题。本项目拟采用全喷涂技术来制备大面积形貌和性能可控的钙钛矿太阳能电池薄膜材料，研究喷涂法制备钙钛矿太阳能电池的金属氧化物层、钙钛矿层和空穴传输层材料过程中的微观物理过程，建立相应的物理模型。研究喷涂工艺条件对所制得的薄膜材料特性的影响，理清制备条件-薄膜（形态）结构-器件性能之间的关系，建立制备大面积高效率钙钛矿太阳电池模块的新方法和新技术，制备效率超过12%的10 cm*10 cm的廉价光伏器件。

项目组成员分工协作，围绕钙钛矿太阳能电池大面积制备这一研究目标，对喷涂法制备钙钛矿电池的薄膜材料、器件以及钙钛矿异质结界面电荷传输等基础科学问题的认识和理解开展了系统研究。一方面设计并搭建了具有自动控制功能的气液二元喷涂装置和超声喷涂装置，研究了喷涂参数和工艺条件对所制得的薄膜材料特性的影响，采用喷涂法成功制备了TiO2电荷传输层和钙钛矿吸光层薄膜，实现了10cm*10cm薄膜的制备，制备的钙钛矿太阳能电池器件获得了超过16%的光电转换效率。另一方面开展了钙钛矿异质结电荷转移和传输特性研究，建立了钙钛矿电池界面修饰、调控界面缺陷的新方法，获得了高效率的钙钛矿太阳能电池。项目申请发明专利4项，在Nano Energy, Energy Environ. Sci., Adv. Energy Mater., Adv. Funct. Mater.等期刊上发表14篇SCI论文，毕业4博士研究生和1名硕士研究生，完成了项目的研究目标。