抽水蓄能电站水力系统瞬态动力学分析与过程控制优化

In the pumped storage power station, the operating condition changes frequently and the flow is very complicated in the hydraulic system. The three-dimensional unsteady flow calculation in the pump turbine is coupled with the transient simulation of the power station to realize the simulation of the condition transition. The interrelation between the transient flow and the parameters of the pump turbine and the pipeline is analyzed based on the transient simulation. No-load running stability and the dynamic reason of the abnormal phenomenon in the condition transition are also researched. In order to improve the characteristics of the system with multi pump turbines in the load rejection, to improve the no-load running stability and to optimize the condition transition, the design criteria of the hydraulic system and flow passage components is presented, the process control method is optimized and the system control strategy is established.

本项目针对抽水蓄能电站运行工况变换多及变换过程中机组和引水、尾水管路组成的水力系统内部流动复杂的特点，拟建立水泵水轮机全流道三维暂态流动与管道瞬变流相耦合的水力机械系统瞬变过程计算模型，对机组双向起动、停机、负荷波动等工况变换过程进行模拟，在此基础上分析机组暂态流动特性变化与机组及电站管道系统参数的相关性，研究可逆机空载工况运行稳定性和工况变换过程中出现危及安全的异常现象的动力学根源。以改善电站多机共管系统甩负荷过程特性、优化机组工况转换过程及提高空载工况运行稳定性为目的，提出电站水力系统设计优化准则，进行过程控制措施优化，建立系统的先进调节控制策略。

本项目建立了水泵水轮机全流道三维暂态流动与管道瞬变流相耦合的水力机械系统瞬变过程计算模型，对机组工况变换过程进行瞬变流仿真，研究了机组工况变换过程导叶水力矩变化规律及相应的应力分布特性；建立了水柱分离弥合计算模型，研究了电站机组尾水管水柱分离弥合时压力变化规律；建立了抽水蓄能电站全系统水机电耦合瞬态过程计算模型，对抽水蓄能机组空载稳定性进行分析，给出了变转速机组的控制策略，并对控制参数进行优化；对某抽水蓄能电站现场甩负荷试验进行了计算分析，现场试验和计算结果基本吻合；将人工生态系统优化算法引入机组导叶关闭规律优化中，采用非线性评价函数，建立了导叶关闭规律优化模型；对水道系统布置中的闸门井不同参数进行了比较，研究了闸门井位置和闸门井大井断面面积对闸门井和通气孔中水位变化影响规律，为系统布置优化提供了依据。