三机式抽水蓄能电站与风电场联合运行暂态特性及控制策略

In order to address the impact of wind's intermittency and variability on the grid as well as the serious problem of "abandoning wind" which exists in many domestic wind farms, the project proposes a method by applying hydraulic short-circuit operation in three-machine-type pumped storage power station which allows the unit to operate in the full range of input power from minimum to maximum, so that wind power fluctuations can be compensated by the power adjustment of the unit. The key issues in this project are the transient characteristics and control strategies of the joint operation system. The project applies the theory of fluid mechanics, fluid machinery, automatic control and power system analysis theory to establish a whole mathematical model of the joint operation system between three-machine-type pumped storage power station and wind farm. Also a numerical simulation platform for the joint operation system is established by using the hydraulic-machinery-electrical coupling calculation method. By studying the transient characteristics of three-machine-type pumped storage power station in the hydraulic short-circuit operation mode and the switching working condition, the project proposes control strategies for the joint operation system. The project would enrich the theory of joint operation between pumped storage power station and wind farm, and promote the joint operation in the actual project. This project has important theoretical research value and broad application prospects.

为解决风电场输出功率波动对电网的冲击以及我国风电场存在的严重"弃风"问题，提出利用三机式抽水蓄能电站特有的三机共同运行方式，实现电站机组的吸收功率从零到额定功率的全功率调节，使抽水蓄能电站能很好地适应风电场输出功率的变化。三机式抽水蓄能电站与风电场联合运行的关键问题是联合运行系统的暂态特性和控制策略研究。本项目拟应用流体力学、流体机械、自动控制和电力系统等多学科理论，探索联合运行系统的水机电耦合理论和方法，建立三机式抽水蓄能电站与风电场联合运行系统的整体数学模型，开发联合运行系统仿真计算平台；明晰三机共同运行方式和机组工况转换过程中系统的暂态特性，提出三机式抽水蓄能电站与风电场联合运行的控制策略。本项目的研究将丰富抽水蓄能与风电联合运行的理论，促进三机式抽水蓄能电站与风电场联合运行系统在实际中的应用，具有较大的理论研究价值和广阔的应用前景。

由于常规可逆式抽水蓄能机组在抽水工况中机组功率基本不能进行调节，这在很大程度上限制了风电等新能源在大规模并网发电后常规可逆式抽水蓄能机组对风电功率波动的调节。课题研究了三机式抽水蓄能电站和风电场的运行特性，建立了三机式抽水蓄能电站与风电场联合运行系统的整体数学模型，开发了联合运行系统的仿真计算平台。研究表明三机式抽水蓄能电站的三机运行方式能很好实现抽水工况下的机组全功率调节，有效地减少了风电出力波动造成的系统频率偏差。同时根据抽水蓄能电站在各时间尺度上的运行及调节功能划分，分别研究并建立了大规模风电并网下的抽水蓄能电站调峰优化模型及抽水蓄能电站一次调频鲁棒控制方法。具体成果如下：(1)将时空自回归移动平均模型(ST-ARMA)引入风电场出力的建模过程，建立了多风电场出力的时空序列模型，从而实现了多个风电场出力的时空耦合相关性、概率分布特性以及波动特性等进行模拟。(2)以系统弃风量最小为优化目标，考虑电力系统运行约束以及抽水蓄能电站运行特性，建立了以减少风电系统弃风为目标的抽水蓄能电站调峰优化模型，结合风电出力模型，还可在系统规划层面上对电力系统新接入风电后可能产生的弃风量进行分析、预测，并得到风电并网系统的抽水蓄能最佳配置容量。(3)将风电短时功率波动的统计特性作为系统扰动源特性，构造了包含风电出力特性权重的广义电力系统状态方程，基于此提出了风电并网下的抽水蓄能电站一次调频鲁棒控制策略。(4)证明了三机式抽水蓄能电站在抽水工况下的功率调节能力，扩展了抽水蓄能电站对风电的调节范围。研究成果丰富了抽水蓄能电站与风电联合运行的理论，促进了三机式抽水蓄能电站与风电场联合运行系统在实际中的应用，具有重要的理论价值和广阔的工程应用前景。