低维氧化物半导体纳米材料的功函数和表面光伏行为研究

Low-dimensional metal-oxide semiconductor nanomaterials have received considerable interest in the field of new energy, catalysis, sensor and antibiosis because of having the merits of both oxide semiconductor and nanomaterials. However, their electronic structures are very complicated owing to the effect of structural characters of oxides and quantum effect. The key to improve the photoelectric properties of related nanodevices is how to further understand and clarify their electronic structures. This proposal will focus on the inherent relationships between the microstructures and work function as well as surface photovoltage of low-dimensional zinc and copper oxide nanomaterials by scanning Kelvin probe technique, thereby revealing their electron transport mechanisms. Firstly, the controllable zinc and copper oxide nanorod arrays, whiskers or quantum dots will be fabricated by adjusting the growth techniques and technological parameters. Secondly, the work function and surface photovoltage of these nanomaterials will be measured by scanning Kelvin probe technique. Then, the quantitative relationships between microstructures and work function, work function and surface photovoltage will be built up based on the microcapacitor model and photoelectric effect, respectively. Finally, the inherent correlation bewteen microstructures, work function and surface photovoltage will be established. Accordingly, the electron transport mechanisms of oxide nanomaterials as well as the main factors affecting the electron transport will be revealed. These results will provide valuable scientific basis for the optimization design of the related nanodevices in future.

低维金属氧化物半导体纳米材料因兼具氧化物半导体和纳米材料的优点而在新能源、催化、传感、生物抗菌等领域具有广阔的应用前景。然而，受氧化物结构特征和量子效应的影响，此类材料的电子结构非常复杂。如何进一步理解和弄清其电子结构是提高相关纳米器件性能的关键。本项目提出利用开尔文探针技术探索纳米材料的功函数和表面光电压与其微纳结构的内在关系，揭示出其电子输运机理。拟以氧化锌和氧化亚铜为研究对象，首先通过生长技术和工艺参数调节，实现氧化锌和氧化亚铜的各种纳米阵列、晶须或量子点的可控生长，然后由开尔文探针获得这些纳米材料的功函数和表面光电压，再基于微电容器模型和光电效应理论，分别探索晶粒尺寸、间距、粗糙度等微纳结构参量与功函数、功函数与表面光电压之间的定量关系，最后确立微纳结构参量、功函数和表面光电压三者之间的内在关系，揭示出电子输运机理及其主要影响因素，为进一步设计性能优良的纳米器件提供理论和实验依据。

低维氧化物半导体纳米结构材料因兼具半导体和纳米材料的优点而在新能源、催化、传感、生物抗菌等领域备受关注。理解和阐明此类材料的电子结构是提高和优化相关纳米器件性能从而实现其应用价值的关键。本项目主要研究了各种低维氧化物纳米材料的功函数和表面光电压与纳米材料的排列、分布规律等相关的微纳结构参量之间的定量关系，为深入理解其电子输运机理和设计性能优良的纳米器件提供了有价值的理论和实验依据。本项目按计划执行情况良好，达到了预期研究目标。首先，通过调节生长技术和工艺参数，实现了ZnO和Cu2O等各种纳米阵列、晶须或量子点的可控生长，分析了其微纳结构特征和生长规律；然后，借助开尔文探针技术分别获得了各种纳米材料的功函数和表面光电压，分析了其变化规律；最后，基于微电容器模型和光电效应，分别探索了微纳结构参量与功函数、功函数与表面光电压之间的关系，从而建立了微纳结构、功函数和表面光电压三者之间的定量关系，揭示出了氧化物半导体纳米材料的光伏响应机理及其主要影响因素。依据研究结果，撰写了7篇学术论文发表在国内外学术刊物上（另有3篇正在投稿或修改中），并申请了5项（2项已授权）国家发明专利。以部分项目成果作为支撑材料，获得了1项2016年度江西省自然科学技术奖二等奖。指导毕业了3名硕士研究生，另有3名硕士研究生在读。