基于光学系统优化与软件补偿的裸眼3D光场显示实现方法研究

3D light field displays with wide viewing angle and large display depth severely suffer from image blur and distortion, which is the key issue limiting the development and applications of 3D displays. The project will study the relation between viewing angle, display depth and aberrations based on the ray-path characteristics of the volume pixels in the light field display and the aberration theory. The analysis of image degradation in the display will be presented. The aberration correction method combining optical lens design and image compensation will be proposed to improve 3D image quality. The aberrations of the display with wide viewing angle and large display depth will be analyzed and thus the aspheric compound lenses will be designed to suppress them. Furthermore, the Zernike polynomial will be used to describe the multi-wavelength residual aberrations of the display. Through the pre-filtering, the aberration compensation method will be presented. To specify the tolerance of the key components in the 3D light filed display, the image quality assessment and tolerance analysis will be discussed. A light field display with high image quality and more than 50cm displayed depth in the 100 degrees viewing angle will be demonstrated. The research output will be beneficial for biomedical and biological imaging, military simulation and so on.

宽视角、大深度下3D图像的模糊和畸变是制约裸眼3D光场显示技术发展和应用的核心问题。本项目结合裸眼3D光场显示体像素的构建光路特点和像差理论，研究观看视角、离屏深度与系统像差之间的关系；研究、分析裸眼3D光场显示系统造成3D图像劣化的内在机理；提出基于光学系统优化与图像补偿的3D光场显示图像质量提升机制；根据显示系统的观看视角和离屏深度，结合系统像差的分布特点研究非球面复合透镜的设计方法；在考虑光学系统优化的基础上，研究利用Zernike多项式来表示多波长剩余像差的方法；研究基于图像预滤波算法的像差补偿技术；研究光场显示系统的像质评价方法和公差分析方法，用于确定裸眼3D光场显示系统关键零部件的公差范围;研制出观看视角大于100度、离屏深度大于50cm的高清晰、无畸变裸眼3D光场显示原型系统。研究成果为实现裸眼3D光场显示在医疗诊断、军事指挥、生物研究等领域的推广应用奠定基础。

本项目针对宽视角、大深度下3D图像的模糊和畸变问题展开了研究。本项目首先完成了裸眼3D光场显示系统的像质劣化机理的研究，得出了像差是导致裸眼3D光场显示系统像质劣化的根本原因，并且随着观看视角和离屏深度的增大而更加严重。然后，本项目提出了光学系统优化与图像预滤波的优化机制，设计了一种非球面复合透镜并进行了公差分析。在此基础上，本项目提出了一种基于预校正卷积神经网络的剩余像差预滤波方法和一种基于像差变化的区域选择性像差预滤波方法，实现了3D像质的进一步提升。最后，本项目基于加工的非球面复合透镜和图像预滤波方法，确定了系统空间布局，研制完成了观看视角为102度，离屏深度为55cm的高清晰、无畸变裸眼3D光场显示原型系统。