高速轻载工况下圆柱滚子轴承蹭伤机理及振动特性研究

Cylindrical roller bearing is the key component of aeroengine, its reliability is the main factor of the aeroengine’s safety, stability and longevity. There is always skidding in the cylindrical roller bearing under high speed and light load, and scuffing is the main failure of skidding, which threatens the reliability of cylindrical roller bearing directly. However, skidding does not always cause scuffing, and the mechanism of from skidding to scuffing has not been studied thoroughly. In this project, due to the mechanism from skidding to scuffing in the cylindrical roller bearing is not clear under high speed and light load, the cylindrical roller bearing scuffing model is established on the basis of the existing mixed lubrication theory. Then, the integration of scuffing model, dynamics model and thermal analysis model is done, and the scuffing mechanism analysis technology of cylindrical roller bearing with the coupling effect of dynamics, heat and lubrication is developed. Based on the scuffing mechanism analysis technology, the effect of the skidding factors on scuffing is studied, the scuffing criterion and the scuffing parameters are confirmed, the vibration mechanism from skidding to scuffing is revealed. In view of the vibration mechanism, the scuffing early identification method is put forward by the signal feature extraction technology. Later, the accuracy of the scuffing mechanism analysis technology and the scuffing early identification method are verified by the scuffing test of cylindrical roller bearing. And, the project result will provide the solid foundation for identifying and restraining the scuffing of high speed rolling element bearings, and improving the reliability design level of the key foundation parts.

圆柱滚子轴承是航空发动机的核心零部件，其可靠性是关系航空发动机安全、平稳、长寿命运行的关键因素。打滑是高速轻载工况下圆柱滚子轴承普遍存在的一种客观现象，蹭伤是打滑失效的主要表现形式，直接威胁圆柱滚子轴承的工作可靠性。但打滑不一定都引起蹭伤，打滑到蹭伤的转变机制尚未进行深入研究。本项目针对高速轻载工况下圆柱滚子轴承打滑到蹭伤转变机制不明朗的问题，在现有混合润滑理论的基础上，建立圆柱滚子轴承蹭伤模型，与动力学模型和热分析模型相耦合，发展计及动力学—热—润滑耦合效应的圆柱滚子轴承蹭伤机理分析技术，研究打滑影响因素对蹭伤的影响规律，确定蹭伤判据和关键影响参量，揭示打滑到蹭伤转变过程的振动机理，综合信号特征提取技术，提出早期蹭伤识别方法，通过圆柱滚子轴承蹭伤试验验证技术和方法正确性，为识别和抑制高速滚动轴承蹭伤失效，提升关键基础件的可靠性设计水平提供坚实的基础。

本项目针对高速轻载工况下圆柱滚子轴承蹭伤机理及振动特性，开展了以下三方面研究工作：.第一、针对圆柱滚子轴承蹭伤模型，以弹流润滑理论建立滚动体-滚道接触副润滑模型，结合余弦函数和双余弦函数描述的表面粗糙度，形成滚动体-滚道接触副的混合润滑模型，借助跨尺度算法求解接触变形，引入流量因子，分析了表面形貌对滚动体-滚道接触副流量因子、摩擦系数和牵引系数的影响。.第二，针对高速轻载工况下圆柱滚子轴承蹭伤机理，依托热网格构建滚动轴承热特性分析模型，采用牛顿-欧拉方程建立滚动轴承动力学模型，通过牵引系数、结构参数、润滑参数将动力、热与润滑相耦合，构建完成计及动力-热-润滑的滚动轴承动态性能分析模型，研究了温升与轴承动态性能之间的内在联系，揭示了表面形貌变化对轴承动态性能的影响规律。.第三，针对高速轻载工况下圆柱滚子轴承蹭伤过程振动机理，提出了基于能量的轴承振动特性分析方法、基于多源信息融合的轴承状态监测方法和超声膜厚测量方法，综合反映滚动轴承的工作状态，验证理论分析结果，初步开发完成滚动轴承仿真分析软件。.本项目研究表明，表面粗糙度纹理方向和粗糙峰直接影响滚动体-滚道之间的润滑状态，打滑蹭伤后表面形貌的改变极大影响滚动轴承的动态性能。.本项目的关键成果是从理论上发展了滚动轴承接触润滑分析方法、基于动力-热-润滑耦合的滚动轴承动态性能分析方法及滚动轴承运行状态的监测方法，为后续深入开展高速滚动轴承蹭伤后的服役性能演变，提升我国轴承仿真分析技术水平奠定了一定的理论基础，具有较好的应用前景。