高速轻载工况下滚动轴承打滑失效机理及其抑制方法研究

Skidding damage of rolling bearings often occurs in rotating machinery under high-speed and light-load conditions, such as the main shaft bearings of aircraft gas turbines, which could eventually affect the service performance of the machine. The skid of high-speed and light-load rolling bearings (HSLLRBs) and its effects on skidding damage are studied in this project. The oil film thickness and load distribution considering the unbalanced loading and edge effect are studied, and then the skidding mechanisms of HSLLRBs are analyzed based on the quasi-dynamic method. Besides, in the condition of the smaller load, the hysteresis and oil-film damping effects are considering, and then the skidding mechanisms of HSLLRBs are analyzed based on the dynamic method. In order to further illustrate the relationship between slip and skidding damage, the skidding damage test rig for the high-speed and light-load conditions is developed. Combined with the real-time monitoring technology of contact temperature, oil film thickness, load, speed and other parameters, and the microstructure and composition analysis methods, the mechanism of skidding damage to a rolling bearing is revealed by changing experimental conditions such as the slip, operating parameters, surface topography, unbalanced loading, so as to obtain the inhibition method for skidding damage of HSLLRBs. The proposed project is expected to enrich the art of the current state of bearing design theory for extreme applications, and also to supply constructive suggestions for the engineering practice in aircraft engine, wind turbine, etc.

高速轻载工况下滚动轴承的打滑失效现象，在航空发动机主轴承等重要应用中时有发生，从而将严重影响整机服役性能。本项目主要围绕高速轻载滚动轴承打滑及其导致的损伤失效机理、以及两者之间的耦合关系展开研究。在计及边缘效应与偏载影响的精细化载荷分布、膜厚计算方法研究基础上，基于拟动力学方法进行高速轻载滚动轴承打滑分析；而针对较小载荷情况，构建引入粘滞阻尼作用影响的动力学模型，分析高速轻载滚动轴承打滑机理。为进一步阐明打滑与失效之间的内在联系与影响机制，研制适用于高速轻载工况的试验系统。结合微接触区温度、膜厚、载荷、转速等多参数实时监测及微观结构与成分分析等方法，试验研究揭示不同滑差率、工况参数、表面形貌参数、偏载等滑差因素耦合作用下滚动轴承打滑失效机理，探索高速滚动轴承打滑失效抑制方法。该研究不仅有助于丰富极端工况下轴承设计理论，而且有望为航空发动机、风机等领域的工程实践提供借鉴意义。

高速轻载工况下滚动轴承的打滑失效现象时有发生，将严重影响航空发动机等工程产品的服役性能。在高速轻载圆柱滚子轴承打滑规律研究方面，研究了膜厚分布特性对滚动轴承打滑性能的影响规律，分析获得了椭圆涡动轨迹下基于修正膜厚方法的滚动轴承打滑机理，并针对极端轻载与涡动工况基于动力学方法进行了滚动轴承打滑机理分析。研究发现在另一类具有广泛应用场合的超大尺寸轴承(如风力发电机轴承)中同样存在打滑失效问题，因此又进行了大尺寸滚动轴承承载特性与打滑机理研究，并开发了一款大尺寸滚动轴承滑差演变机理可视化分析软件。随着研究工作的深入，发现摩擦生热对滚动轴承打滑失效具有较大影响，为探索滚动轴承打滑与热之间的耦合转换机制，故又进行了综合热弹流和有限元方法的滑差工况下滚动轴承摩擦热分析。在试验研究方面，开发了滚动轴承打滑失效试验系统，并开展了多因素耦合影响下相关试验研究，获得了不同工况下滚动轴承打滑失效机理及其抑制方法。进行了滑差工况下滚动轴承热分布特性试验研究，获得不同内圈转速和径向载荷等因素作用下滚动轴承打滑和温度场分布规律。研究成果不仅有助于丰富极端工况下高性能滚动轴承减振降噪、可靠性及疲劳寿命研究理论，而且对于航空发动机、风力发电机等领域的工程实践具有重要的科学意义和工程应用价值。