我国城市居住建筑PM2.5成分的室内外关联特性及影响机理研究

PM2.5 pollution in China has severely threatened people’s health. Urban residence is one of the places where exposure to PM2.5 mainly occurs. PM2.5 components are closely related with its sources and health effects. They are impacted by both indoor and outdoor sources. Study on indoor/outdoor relationship of PM2.5 components is therefore critical to control indoor PM2.5 pollution and reduce its adverse health impacts. Up to now, unsolved key problems lies in that: indoor/outdoor concentration relationships of PM2.5 components (including semi- and non-volatile species) are unclear, mechanism of gas-particle partitioning of semi-volatile species remains unknown, and effect of sulfate tracing other non-volatile species is to be determined. This study aims to analyze characteristics of indoor/outdoor relationships of PM2.5 components by field measurements. This study also intends to clarify mechanism of dynamic gas-particle partitioning of semi-volatile constituents and investigate how sulfate traces other non-volatile species. This research falls into the category of built environment, and has inter-discipline feature with ambient air science. It initiates a new exploration of indoor PM2.5 concentration estimation from the viewpoint of components. Expected outcomes of the research are necessary for detailed source apportionment and health risk analysis. By solving the key problem listed above, this study can provide theoretical support to control indoor PM2.5 and protect people’s health.

我国PM2.5污染严重危害人们的健康，城市居住建筑是主要暴露场所之一。PM2.5的成分可指示其详细来源和健康风险，受室内源和室外源共同影响。因此研究我国城市居住建筑的PM2.5成分的室内外关联特性和影响机理对弄清室内PM2.5来源、降低健康风险具有重要意义。目前现存的关键问题是：PM2.5成分（包括半挥发性和不挥发性成分两类）室内外关联特性认识不清，半挥发性成分的气-粒分配机理不清，硫酸盐对其他不挥发性成分的示踪作用不明。本研究拟实测分析PM2.5成分在居住建筑室内外的关联特征，结合建筑传质学原理弄清半挥发性成分的动态气-粒分配机理，依托实测数据探索硫酸盐的示踪效果。本课题围绕建筑环境，与大气环境交叉，是从组分层次对室内PM2.5进行浓度预测分析的新探索。本研究的预期成果为后续的室内PM2.5详细来源和健康分析提供必要支撑，有助于实现室内PM2.5污染的有效控制、保护人们的生命健康。

我国PM2.5污染严重危害人们的健康。PM2.5的成分可指示其详细来源和健康风险，受室内源和室外源共同影响。因此研究我国城市居住建筑的PM2.5成分的室内外关联特性和影响机理对弄清室内PM2.5来源、降低健康风险具有重要意义。项目获得了PM2.5成分（包括半挥发性和不挥发性成分两类）的室内外关联特性；通过引入pH值等关键参数，揭示了半挥发性成分的动态气-粒分配机理；弄清了硫酸盐和铁元素对PM2.5的示踪作用及其时空变化；发现了室内PM2.5的氧化毒性与室外不同，且主要受水溶性铁元素影响。本研究的成果为后续的室内PM2.5详细来源和健康分析提供必要支撑，为从毒性角度精准防控提供了有益参考。