入滇池河口沉积物中的细菌和反硝化细菌群落结构比较研究

Freshwater sediment ecosystems harbor a complex microbial community that participates in a variety of biogeochemical processes. Denitrification is an important ecological pathway in lake and estuarine ecosystem for nitrogen biogeochemical cycle, because it plays a critical role in regulating the eutrophication and purifying water. In this study, we focused on researching bacteria and denitrifying bacteria in lake and estuaries sediments of Dianchi Lake and eight major rivers’ estuaries flowing into Dianchi. Bacterial and denitrifying bacterial abundance and diversity of the Dianchi lake and eight rivers’ estuaries is to be studied by using cultivation-dependent and culture-independent methods (quantitative PCR, Illumina MiSeq sequencing and 454 Pyrosequencing). We aimed to analyse the abundance, community structure and spatial-temperal distribution of the bacteria and denitrifying bacteria, and to classified the potential novel taxa of bacteria and to explore the relativity between the environmental abiotic factors of the sediments of the Dianchi lake and eight rivers estuarine and bacteria and denitrifier diversity; simultaneously, we will identify whether different denitrifying bacteria have different roles in the denitrification processes and how they work together to complete the denitrification process. This project will can contribution to explore the causes of eutrophication and to prevent eutrophication of Yunnan Plateau Lake. At the same time, this project can also provide microbia and gene resources data for governing the high nitrogen polluted water body.

淡水沉积物生态系统中栖息着复杂的微生物群落，它们是生物地球化学循环过程的参与者，湖泊和河口生态系统中的反硝化作用就是微生物参与的氮素生物地球化学循环重要的生态过程，在降低水体富营养化，净化水质等方面发挥着重要的作用。本研究以河口和湖泊沉积物中的细菌和反硝化细菌为研究对象，以滇池及8条主要的流入滇池河流的河口为研究场所，拟应用纯培养法和免培养法(Q-PCR, Illumina MiSeq和454焦磷酸高通量测序)研究河口和湖泊沉积物中细菌和反硝化细菌的丰度、群落结构和时空分布；并对可培养原核生物和潜在新类群（potential novel taxa）进行系统学研究；分析细菌，反硝化细菌多样性与环境非生物因子的相关性；探讨不同的反硝化细菌是如何协同完成反硝化作用过程的。通过上述研究，为云南高原湖泊富营养化防治的研究提供实验依据，也为高氮污染水体的治理提供可筛选的菌种/基因资源库。

淡水沉积物生态系统中栖息着复杂的微生物群落，它们是生物地球化学循环过程的参与者，湖泊和河口生态系统中的反硝化作用是微生物参与的氮素生物地球化学循环重要的生态过程，在降低水体富营养化，净化水质等方面发挥着重要的作用。本研究以河口和湖泊沉积物中的细菌和反硝化细菌为研究对象，以滇池及其主要的流入滇池河流的河口为研究场所，运用纯培养法和免培养法(Illumina MiSeq高通量测序和宏基因组测序)研究了河口和湖泊沉积物中细菌和反硝化细菌的丰度、群落结构和时空分布；对分离到的新类群进行系统学研究, 规范描述并有效发表；对其细菌，反硝化细菌与环境非生物因子的关联性进行了分析，指出总有机碳 (TOC), 总氮（TN）, 和 NO3--N与环境中的原核生物群落呈现显著的相关性；通过分析样品反硝化过程中的关键功能基因及扩增菌株的反硝化功能基因，阐明了在反硝化作用过程中，有不同的细菌参与完成，变形杆菌是反硝化过程中的主要参与者。该研究，为云南高原湖泊富营养化防治的研究提供实验数据，也为高氮污染水体的治理提供可筛选的菌种/基因资源库。