面向服务水平的区域公交节能减排调度优化研究

Transport energy consumption and environmental pollution grow greatly due to the increasing of vehicles number. Eco-dispatching optimization based on energy saving for urban public transport is one of the most efficient strategies for reducing traffic congestion and energy conservation. The project will construct an analytical framework of energy consumption and pollutant emission through analysing the main influence factors of energy consumption of bus. Moreover, the relationships between different driving conditions, energy consumption and pollutant emission will be analyzed by computer simulation method, and sensitivity of unit energy consumption and pollutant emission for passengers on the bus will be studied. Furthermore, the intrinsic mechanism of energy saving and emission reduction will be achieved by analyzing the relationships between the main operating parameters, energy consumption and pollutant emission. Then, a simulation model of bus road will built based on the characteristics of bus lines, and on this basis, an eco-dispatching dispatching optimization model for regional urban public transport will be established considering service level, energy consumption and pollutant emission . At last, the mechanism of action between dispatching strategy, energy consumption, pollutant emission and service level will be studied and the ways for improving service level and reducing energy consumption of urban public transport will be put forward, which could provide theoretical support for selecting dispatching strategy and improving the energy efficiency of bus.

城市汽车保有量的不断增长带来了能源消耗和环境污染方面的严重问题；为了缓解交通压力、节能减排，区域公交节能减排调度策略优化研究具有重要现实意义。本项目通过分析公交车运行能耗及排放的主要影响因素，构建公交车辆能耗及排放仿真计算框架，研究公交车行驶工况与能耗及排放的关系，分析单位乘客对公交能耗及排放的灵敏度，明确公交车主要运行参数与能耗及排放的关系，寻找公交车节能减排的内在机制，为节能减排调度提供依据；根据公交车线路特点构建公交模拟运行道路模型，综合考虑区域公交服务水平、能耗及排放规律，基于公交线路模型构建面向服务水平的区域公交节能减排调度优化模型；结合实例研究调度策略与能耗、排放及公交服务水平间的作用机理，找出提高区域公交服务水平和降低运行能耗及排放的途径，为公交节能减排调度策略优化提供科学的理论支持与方法支撑。

针对域公交车节能减排调度策略优化问题，本项目展开了三个方面的研究：从道路循环特征、车辆模型、发动机模型、驾驶员模型等方面，构建了发动机模型及车辆模型，以发动机万有特性数据为基础，构建基于万有特性的能耗仿真分析模型，采用公交车排放因子推算排放量，形成公交车运行能耗及排放仿真分析框架；从公交车辆运行角度，选取公交车的主要运行参数，研究公交车瞬时行驶工况与能耗及排放关系，归纳总结公交车各运行参数与能耗的规律；研究不同行驶工况下的公交车载客量对燃油消耗量的影响，进行公交车载客量能耗灵敏度分析，寻找公交车节能减排的内在机制；依据公交车线路特点构建公交模拟运行道路模型，综合考虑区域公交服务平、能耗规律，基于公交线路模型构建面向服务水平的区域公交节能减排调度优化模型；结合实例研究调度策略与能耗及公交服务水平间的作用机理，找出提高区域公交服务水平和降低运行能耗的途径，为公交节能减排调度策略的选取提供科学的理论支持。