冲击荷载作用下典型聚脲涂覆防护结构的动态响应与失效机理

Improving the performance of protective structures against failure due to high rate loadings, including but not limited to blast and impact, has been on the forefront of materials and structures research for a long time. The studies found that using a soft elastomer coating on the protective structure can effectively reduce the collapse and fracture of the structure during failure. Therefore, this project intends to study the impact protection performance of a new type of polymer material-polyurea elastomer and its typical spraying protective structures through the combination of experimental research and theoretical analysis. The main contents include: 1) Study on the effect of phase change process of polyurea elastomer on its impact resistance mechanical properties; 2) Study on the rate-dependent constitutive model of polyurea elastomer under complex loading conditions; 3) Study on the dynamic response and failure mechanism of typical polyurea coated protective structures under impact loading. The research results of the project will help to reveal the impact protection mechanism of polyurea coated protective structures, and provide the theoretical reference for further optimizing its protective performance and structural design.

长期以来，提高防护结构在高速载荷作用下（包括但不限于爆炸和冲击）的抗冲击力学性能一直是材料和结构研究的热点问题。研究发现在防护结构上使用软质弹性体涂层可以有效减少结构在失效时的坍塌和破碎。为此，本项目拟通过试验研究和理论分析相结合的方法对一种新型聚合物材料—聚脲弹性体及其典型涂覆防护结构的抗冲击防护性能开展研究。主要内容包括：1) 聚脲弹性体相变过程对其抗冲击力学性能影响规律的研究；2) 聚脲弹性体在复杂加载工况下率相关本构模型的研究；3) 典型聚脲涂覆防护结构在冲击荷载下动态响应与失效模式的研究。项目研究成果有助于揭示聚脲涂覆防护结构的抗冲击防护机制，同时对进一步优化其防护性能和结构设计提供理论参考。

鉴于燃气泄漏、恐怖袭击、局部战争等灾难事故频发形势，如何安全有效提高防护结构在高速载荷作用下的抗冲击力学性能是爆炸与冲击动力学领域研究的热点和难点。研究发现在金属和混凝土表层上使用柔性弹性体涂层可以有效增强结构的防护性能。为此，本项目通过试验研究、理论分析和数值模拟相结合的方法对聚脲弹性体及其典型涂覆结构的抗冲击防护性能开展了系列研究。获得了聚脲弹性体相变过程对其抗冲击力学性能的影响规律，建立了适合描述聚脲弹性体在复杂加载工况下力学行为的率相关本构模型，得到了聚脲涂覆混凝土、聚脲涂覆铝板、聚脲涂覆钢板以及聚脲涂覆泡沫铝等典型试验件在冲击荷载作用下的动态响应与失效模式。项目研究成果有助于揭示典型聚脲涂覆防护结构的抗冲击防护机制，同时对进一步优化其防护性能和结构设计提供理论参考。