基于化学计量基因组学的细胞区室化研究及整合分析平台构建

Cell compartmentation is a crucial step in cell evolution. Eukaryotic cell contains a large number of specialized subcellular compartments, and each of them has its specific structure, function and physical-chemical environment. Proteins function in different subcellular compartments and undergo some adaptive evolutions. Stoichiogenomics is a newly arisen research field, which concerns the compositions (elements, functional groups, amino acids, and et al) of biological macromolecules and their measurable chemical properties (isoelectric point, hydrophobic, electrostatic binding properties, and et al) at omics levels. Presently, there is no systematic study on the stoichiometric characteristics in different subcellular compartments at the proteomics level. In this project, stoichiogenomics methods will be applied to analyze stoichiometric characteristics, such as atom usage bias, content of charged amino acids, isoelectric point, and electrostatic binding properties of proteomes in different subcellular compartments in eukaryotic cell, summarize their adaptive evolutionary laws, classify gene families showing specific stoichiometric trends and their functions. Additionally, web-based integrated analysis platform for stoichiogenomics will also be constructed. Our results will not only disclose adaptive evolutionary laws of stoichiometric characteristics of subcellular compartments at proteomics level, evaluate the direct effects of subcellular microenvironments on biological macromolecules, and also provide solutions and tools for large data analyses.

细胞区室化是细胞进化中关键的一步，真核细胞包含了大量内在专化的，具有特定结构、功能和物理-化学环境的亚细胞区室。蛋白质在不同区室中行使功能，并发生适应性进化。化学计量基因组学（stoichiogenomics）是新的研究领域，旨在研究组学数据中生物大分子组成成分（元素、功能基团、氨基酸等）的含量及可计量的化学性质（等电点、疏水性、静电结合等）。目前，细胞亚区室蛋白质组的化学计量特征尚缺乏系统地研究。本项目拟采用化学计量基因组学的方法对真核细胞不同亚区室蛋白质组的成员进行元素、功能基团等使用偏好性、等电点、静电结合等特征分析，归纳其适应性进化规律，并对特异性趋势的亚细胞蛋白质组分进行基因家族和功能的细分细化。另外，我们将开发基于web页面的整合分析平台。该研究不仅可揭示亚细胞区室蛋白质组化学计量特征的适应性进化规律，评估亚细胞微环境对生物大分子的直接影响，还提供了一个解析大数据的方案和工具。

化学计量基因组学（stoichiogenomics）是新兴研究领域，旨在研究组学数据中生物大分子组成成分（元素、功能基团、氨基酸等）的含量及可计量的化学性质（等电点、疏水性、静电结合等）。细胞区室化是细胞进化中关键的一步，真核细胞包含了大量内在专化的，具有特定结构、功能和物理-化学环境的亚细胞区室。蛋白质在不同区室中行使功能，并发生适应性进化。细胞亚区室蛋白质组的化学计量特征尚缺乏系统地研究。本项目主要包含两方面：基于化学计量基因组学的细胞区室化研究和化学计量基因组学整合分析平台构建。通过跨物种的比较了真核细胞不同亚区室蛋白质组化学计量特征，及其与原核生物同源蛋白群的差异，并探讨其起源进化。其次，我们开发了化学计量基因组学整合分析平台。项目期间共发表8篇SCI论文，申请发明专利4项。该研究不仅揭示亚细胞区室蛋白质组化学计量特征的适应性进化规律，评估亚细胞微环境对生物大分子的直接影响，还为相关研究者提供了解析组学大数据的方法和工具。