勺鸡栖息地选择研究

Habitat quality directly affect distribution,population density, reproductive success and survival rate of adult birds.Koklass pheasant is the national secondary protected animals.The birds habitat in midalpine and subalpine where there are better vegetation and few human.The population density of koklass pheasant is slowly declining in most areas of china for the birds are more sensitive to environment destruction.The researches on ecology of koklass pheasant focus on its natural history by qualitative methods. However,there are few researches on habitat selection by quantitative methods.We would study habitat selection of koklass pheasant in Guanshan Forests,Pingliang City,Gansu Province. This project mainly studies：1)the habitat selection of koklass pheasant at different life history stages;2)the habitat selection of koklass pheasant at different behavior.We would find out the key factors that affect the habitat selection of koklass pheasant by comparative methods at different life history stages or different behavior stages.These researches could provide scientific basis for protecting the birds.In addition,these studies also could provide theorical guidance for introducing the birds to natural habitat from rearing environment.

栖息地的质量高低直接影响着鸟类的地理分布，种群密度，繁殖成功率和成鸟 的存活率。勺鸡是国家二级保护动物，多生活在植被较好，人迹罕至的中山和亚高山地区。 由于勺鸡对栖息地质量要求较高，对环境破坏的反应较敏感，在我国大多数地区勺鸡种群的数量呈逐年下降的趋势。目前，勺鸡的生态研究现主要集中在对其自然史的定性描述阶段，而勺鸡栖息地选择的量化生态学研究鲜有报道。本项目以甘肃省平凉市关山林区作为研究地 区，调查分析勺鸡的栖息地选择情况，重点研究：1)不同生活史阶段勺鸡的栖息地选择；2) 不同行为方式的栖息地选择。通过比较不同行为方式和不同生活史阶段勺鸡对栖息地的选择 情况，找出影响勺鸡栖息地选择的关键因素，为勺鸡的保护提供理论依据，同时也为野外再 引入提供指导。

勺鸡对栖息地质量要求较高，对环境变化敏感，在我国大多数地区勺鸡种群的数量呈逐年下降的趋势。勺鸡的生态研究现主要集中在对其自然史的定性描述阶段，而勺鸡栖息地选择的量化生态学研究较少。本项目以甘肃省平凉市关山林区作为研究地区，调查了勺鸡繁殖前期、繁殖期、繁殖后期、越冬期四个生活史阶段的栖息地和不同行为方式的栖息地的36种生态因子资料，获得365套样方数据。掌握了勺鸡营巢海拔高度、巢址选择、产卵的时间、窝卵数、卵的大小、重量、孵化期亲鸟的行为和孵化成功率等繁殖生物学特征。重点分析了影响繁殖期和越冬期勺鸡栖息地选择的生态因子，发现灌木高度、倒木数量、灌木数量和灌木盖度4种生态因子最大限度的减少天敌对巢卵的捕食；越冬期林型、海拔、坡度、乔木盖度、灌木数量和盖度、草本数量和盖度、水源距离、群落郁闭度、隐蔽度等11种生态因子影响勺鸡栖息地选择。孵化并成功养殖勺鸡和大量红腹锦鸡，并将红腹锦鸡引入子午岭林区。组办一场甘肃省动物学术交流会。