环境不确定条件下的农产品供应链柔性匹配机制研究

With the development of modern agricultural industrialization in China, agricultural enterprises as the key operators have expanded dramatically in recent years. However, their contributions are still limited. In particular, facing food safety problems, diversification of customer demands, and adjustments to industrial policies, agricultural enterprises are eager to figure out how to adjust their product or service processes along the agri-food supply chain in order to respond to the uncertain circumstances. Although it is a key point to enhance core competitiveness of agricultural enterprises, current research often investigates their strategies separately rather than from a systematic perspective. In particular, few researchers consider interactions between agricultural enterprises and their external environments. Based on a literature review of agri-food supply chain and supply chain flexibility, this project plans to combine the resource-based view, dynamic capability theory, and contingency theory among other approaches in order to investigate the dimensions, sources, and performance of agri-food supply chain flexibility as well as the mechanisms by which such supply chains might fit market environments. This project will conduct case studies of typical agricultural enterprises and perform secondary data analysis of public agricultural enterprises in China. As a result, the project will explore how to implement the strategies corresponding to agri-food supply chain flexibility in order to guide agricultural enterprises to better respond to environmental changes. In addition, the project will offer implications for Chinese government to make efficient polices for constructing a better market environment to enhance the development of agricultural industrialization.

随着现代农业产业化经营的推进，作为关键经营与建设主体的农业企业近年来发展迅速，但是贡献程度仍然有限，特别是在食品安全问题日益凸显、客户需求多样化、产业政策不断调整的背景下，如何通过调整供应链上的产品或服务流程，使农产品供应链灵活的应对外部环境，是农业企业提升竞争力的关键。现有的研究往往孤立企业的战略和行为，而缺乏系统的分析，特别是很少涉及企业与外部环境的互动关系。从农产品供应链和供应链柔性的研究出发，本课题拟结合资源基础观、动态能力理论、权变理论等，通过对典型农业企业的案例研究和农业上市公司的二手数据分析，系统的探讨农产品供应链柔性的维度、来源和绩效，以及与市场环境之间的匹配机制。在此基础上，探索农产品供应链柔性战略的实施过程和作用路径，为农业企业供应链管理的有效推进提供借鉴和指导，从而更好的应对外部环境的变化。同时，也为政府制定相应的宏观政策，创建良好的市场环境，并推动农业产业化发展提供启示。

面对着快速变化和不稳定的经营环境，例如更短的产品生命周期，需求方面频繁和不可预料的变化，越来越多的企业正在尝试通过调整供应链中的生产和服务流程来应对环境中的不确定性。对于农产品供应链，经营主体更加复杂、物流管控难度更高、时效性和安全性要求也非常高，从而对这种柔性能力提出了更高的要求。为了系统的探讨农产品供应链柔性的维度、来源和绩效，以及农产品供应链柔性与市场环境的匹配机制，本课题首先对有关供应链柔性的371篇文献进行了系统的综述，并对其中的57篇实证研究进行了元分析，从而构建了农产品供应链柔性的理论研究框架。在此基础上，通过对116家中国农业、食品上市公司的二手数据分析，探索了质量管理、供应链一体化、供应链柔性和企业绩效之间的关系，以及主客观环境不确定性在其中发挥的作用。结果发现，内部一体化和外部一体化对于适应性柔性和前摄性柔性均有正向作用，同时两种柔性对于企业运营绩效的影响也是正向的，中介作用显著。另外，前期体系认证和主营业务认证均对一体化具有显著的正向促进作用，一体化对后期体系认证和主营业务认证的影响也是显著的，而客观环境不确定性对一体化有较强的直接作用，但并未表现出调节作用。这些结论推动了供应链柔性战略的系统研究，以及与外部环境的权变研究，同时也将相关管理理论引入农产品供应链研究领域，探索农产品供应链柔性战略的实施过程和作用路径，为农业企业供应链管理的有效推进提供借鉴和指导，从而更好的应对外部环境的变化。