大型保障房社区邻里效应的测度、影响因素和机制研究

Driven by institutions and local benefits, many cities are inclined to cluster the affordable housing projects in the urban fringe and form many large-scale affordable communities, which aggravate the spatial agglomeration of poverty, strengthen the residential differentiation of various sections of society. The neighborhood effects of the large-scale affordable housing communities may decrease the residents’ living quality, trigger social conflicts, and bring disadvantaged socio-economic outcomes for residents. . Through large-sample questionnaire survey, in-depth interview, and qualitative model analysis, this project attempts to scientifically measure the neighborhood effects, analyze their influential factors and mechanisms. This project will conduct micro empirical research on the three facets of neighborhood effects – the neighborhood satisfactions and its influential factors, the neighborhood segregation and its influential factors, and the impacts of neighborhood effects on the residents’ socio-economic outcomes. Based on the empirical results and fieldwork, this project will further analyze the dynamic and social process of the neighborhood effects, and then summarize the neighborhood effect mechanism of the large-scale affordable housing communities in the context of China.. This project will provide some targeted policy recommendations to alleviate the neighborhood effects of the large-scale affordable housing communities. Theoretically, the research is helpful to understand the relationship between the target of affordable housing policy and the achieving the goal of “everyone has decent housing” as well as satisfying people’s demand for better life.

在制度和地方利益的驱动下，许多城市倾向于把保障房项目集中布置在城市偏远地带，形成大型保障房社区。大型保障房社区加剧了贫困群体的空间集聚、强化了社会各阶层的居住分异，其带来的邻里效应可能降低居住质量，引发社会冲突，并给居民带来不利的社会和经济后果。. 本项目通过大样本问卷调研、深度访谈和定量模型分析，对大型保障房社区邻里效应进行科学测度，分析其影响因素和发生机制。本项目对邻里效应的三个方面进行微观实证研究，即①邻里满意度及其影响因素、②邻里群体融合度及其影响因素、和③邻里效应对居民的社会经济后果的影响。在实证结果和实地调研的基础上，进一步分析邻里效应的动因和社会过程，总结出符合国情的大型保障房社区邻里效应的发生机制。. 本项目将对缓解大型保障房社区邻里效应提出针对性的政策建议，并有助于从理论上理解保障房的政策目标与实现人人“住有所居”、满足人民对美好生活需求之间的关系。

大型保障房社区的邻里效应会对居民的居住质量和发展机会造成影响。本项目旨在对保障房社区的邻里效应进行科学测度，并分析其影响因素和发生机制，以提升住房保障质量、满足人民群众美好生活需要。. 本项目包含四个方面主要内容：（1）保障房社区的邻里满意度测量及其影响因素；（2）保障房社区社会融合度测量及其影响因素；（3）保障房社区的公共服务公平性及溢价效应；（4）保障性住房社区邻里效应的理论机制与治理策略。. 本项目得出如下结果：（1）在社区融合度方面，保障房社区居民的社会网络关系越强，其社会融合度越高；居民的流动性越大，社会融合度越低。融合度由强到弱的表现为：回迁安置房 > 经济适用房 > 公共租赁房 > 蓝领公寓。保障房“污名化”的现象在中国语境下并不明显。（2）在邻里满意度方面，居民个人特征、住宅特征、社区特征和社区服务质量对邻里满意度产生影响。（3）社会融合的发生机制包括会服务机制、社会互动机制、地理环境机制和政策制度机制。（4）在保障房社区的公平性与溢价效应方面，保障房社区所处街道的公共服务水平明显偏低，并在一定范围内容存在负溢价效应。. 本项目得到如下关键数据：（1）不同类型保障性住房的社会融合度数据，以及社会融合度在不同维度的数值。（2）保障性住房社区的公共服务公平性指数；（3）保障性住房负溢价效应的幅度和影响范围。. 本项目具有如下科学意义：（1）通过对保障房邻里效应测度及其影响因素分析，有助于提升居民的居住满意度和社会融合度；（2）通过总结保障房邻里效应的发生机制，有助于指导保障房的规划和建设；（3）通过分析保障性住房的公平性和溢价效应，有助于优化保障性住房的选址。（4）通过对邻里效应发生机制的微观研究，有助于制定保障性住房的治理策略。