基于功效组分变异的地理分布规律研究苗药黑骨藤品质形成与生态因子的关系

Periploca forrestii Schltr., a representative Miao Nationality herb, behaves well in the treatment of rheumatic or rheumatoid diseases, and also has a cardiac effect. According to the fact that its clinical application has not been significantly differentiated between treatment of anti rheumatoid polyarthritis and cardiac diseases, the medication safety and clinical efficacy are adversely affected. Based on the previous studies, the quality evaluation method of P. forrestii was established on the basis of two different types of functional components in it by UPLC to determine the quality character of P. forrestii with different effects. The geographic distribution law of the efficacy components variation in P. forrestii was identified by ArcGIS software. The influence of various ecological factors on the quality of P. forrestii, like climate and soil, was confirmed according to provenance test and analysis of ecological factors in different provenace sites, in order to discuss the natural selection mechanism and ecological mechanism of the geographic distribution law based on P. forrestii with various two kinds of efficacy components. The results may play an important role in determining the proper habitats for the herbs with different functional components, and provide theoretical references for the implementation of GAP of Chinese herbal medicine, which also contribute a lot to P. forrestii harvesting, quality evaluation and cultivation of high-quality herbs. And it is of great significance that the herb quality can be stable and controlled according to the directional selection of medication purpose, which leads to the safety and efficiency of clinical medication.

黑骨藤作为贵州苗药代表之一，不但具有抗类风湿性关节炎的作用，而且也有很好的强心活性。针对目前在临床用药时并未根据其功效不同加以区分使用，严重影响该药的用药安全和临床疗效的现状，本课题在前期研究的基础上，采用超高效液相色谱法（UPLC）建立针对黑骨藤两类不同功效成分的品质评价方法，确定不同功效黑骨藤的品质特征；采用ArcGIS软件明确其功效组分变异的地理分布规律；结合种源试验和不同种源点的生态因子分析，确定气候、土壤等各生态因子对黑骨藤药材品质的影响，探讨黑骨藤两种功效组分变异地理分布规律的自然选择机制和生态机制。研究结果有助于在生产上确定不同功效组分药材的适宜生长区，指导药材采收、品质评价，有利于优质药材的栽培，可以为实施中药材生产质量管理规范（GAP）和药材品质保障提供理论依据；在临床上根据用药目的定向选择，确保其质量稳定、可控，临床使用安全、有效，具有重要意义。

黑骨藤作为贵州苗药代表之一，不但具有抗类风湿性关节炎的作用，而且也有很好的强心活性。针对目前在临床用药时并未根据其功效不同加以区分使用，严重影响该药的用药安全和临床疗效的现状。本课题在前期研究的基础上，以苗药黑骨藤为研究对象，通过药理实验证明黑骨藤的乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯部位具有抗RA作用，正丁醇部位具有强心作用；建立了以抗类风湿性关节炎和强心作用两种功效成分（绿原酸和杠柳毒苷）为指标的含量测定方法，结果表明这两种功效成分在贵阳市以南区域的黑骨藤样品中含量较高；考察了药材产地的根际土壤因子，对土壤样品中的养分进行了分析测定，为进一步分析黑骨藤中化学成分与根际土壤因子之间的相关性奠定基础；采用经典的提取分离方法对黑骨藤的化学成分进行了研究，共分离得到11个化合物，其中4个首次从杠柳属中分离得到，6个首次从黑骨藤中分离得到。项目的实施过程中，申请发明专利6项，发表论文6篇（包括录用1篇），其中北大核心期刊5篇；培养硕士研究生2名，本科生6名；参加相关学术交流 6 次；研究成果为黑骨藤的质量评价和临床应用提供了理论依据，为药材最佳产地的确定奠定基础，有助于在生产上确定药材适宜生长区，指导药材采收，为进一步根据黑骨藤的产地和成分差异指导其临床使用提供理论依据。