含汞固体废物无害化关键技术的基础研究

Mercury pollution is attracting much environmental concerns nowadays. The research and development on detoxification and purification of various mercury polluted waste is becoming the critial technological issue for resolving the global mercury pollution problem, especially for China which is the largest producer and consumer of mercury. In China, the non-ferrous metallurgical industry, including precious metallurgy and mercury mining, is one of main resources for mercury pollution, however, the R&D on the purification/detoxification of waste tailings and slag containing mercury releasing from these resources is lacking. According to the literature review and the previous research experience, the applicants initate this project which would be focusing on the fundamental research on key technologies of detoxification/purification of solid mercury waste arising from non-ferrous metallurgical industry. The fundamental aspects for mercury removal from mercury waste through thiosulfate and/or thioselenate salts would be examined with the purpose to efficiently and economically convert the mercury polluted tailings and/or slag into salable product or the product which would potentially pass the relevant environmental regulation or requirements.

汞污染问题已日益引起国际社会的广泛关注，对各个涉汞行业不同汞污染物料的治理技术进行针对性研究正在成为解决我国乃至全球汞污染问题不可或缺的技术环节。有色金属冶炼（包括黄金生产和汞矿开采）生产是主要的汞污染源之一，而我国在净化处理含汞尾矿尾渣领域相关技术的研究开发方面尚处于起步阶段。根据大量文献调研结果，并结合前期工作经验，本项目创新性的提出通过开展利用硫代硫酸盐和硒代硒酸盐体系转化固化净化汞污染物等关键技术的应用基础研究，探讨利用硫代硫酸盐或强化的硫代硫酸盐体系（或类似的硒代硒酸盐体系）净化有色金属工业汞污染物，将其转化固化形成符合相关环境法规要求的汞产品并有效净化或回收循环利用过量的硫代硫酸盐溶液（或硒代硒酸盐溶液）的无害或低害净化关键技术和工艺的可行性。

汞污染及治理已日益引起国际社会的广泛关注并形成全面共识，《国际汞公约》的签订与履行使得含汞物料治理技术成为解决我国乃至全球汞污染问题不可或缺的技术环节。本项目针对有色金属冶炼、黄金生产和汞矿开采生产过程产出的含汞尾矿尾渣等含汞固体废物，创新性的提出利用硫代硫酸盐体系进行转化、固化和净化技术思路。通过深入研究和分析汞在不同溶液体系中的反应热力学，建立了Hg-S-H2O体系的稳态和非稳态Eh-pH、物种分布和自由能-氧化态势图；首次系统研究了含汞固体废物中的典型组分，包括氧化汞、硫化汞、氯化亚汞和单质汞在硫代硫酸盐体系中的浸出行为，阐明了氧化汞在简单硫代硫酸盐体系中的反应机理，首次发现和论证了硫化汞在铜硫代硫酸盐体系中的置换反应机制，研究确认了氯化亚汞和单质汞在催化的硫代硫酸盐体系中的反应机理；探讨研究了利用硫代硫酸盐或强化的硫代硫酸盐体系净化含汞土壤、含汞锑尾矿和废汞触媒并转化回收汞的无害化处置工艺可行性。项目的创新研究成果完善和丰富了硫代硫酸盐浸出含汞废物的基础理论，为我国含汞固体废物湿法处置提供了技术支持。