石羊河流域金川矿区本土植物及其根际耐受菌修复受损生态系统的生理机制及分子基础

The national strategy for construction a comprehensive experimental area of national ecological security barrier in Gansu was deployed by the State Council on December 18th, 2013, including the management of Shiyang river basin. Jinchuan mining area locates in the Shiyang River basin, where output of Nickel and Copper ranks the second place in the world. Also, it is the largest production centre of Nickel and Copper in China. The pollutions brought about by mining lead vulnerable ecology in the most area of Shiyang river basin. Recovering of the deteriorated ecosystem and reducing of the ecological risks play a key role in sustaing the national ecological security. Based on estimating of ecological risk in the mining area, the original hyperaccumulating plants and rhizosphere microorganisms will be isolated for research, including morphology, physiology and biochemistry, genetic diversity and ecological flexibility.Then, psychological researches on photosynthesis, water conductivity, osmoregulation, antioxidative enzyme system will be processed after control experiments. Genes of NicoT, MT and P-type ATPase will be cloned and futher studied. All these reaserches target for evaluating the promotion mechanism of microorganisms inoculated in rhizosphere of hyperaccumulating plants, exploiting the genes function in heavy metal transformation, elaborating the cooperation between pants and microorganims in degrading of heavy metal pollution and finding their regulatory mechanism under stress. All these studies would serve in recovering of the damaged ecosystem in Shiyang river basin, removing Nickel and Copper pollution and suppllying the national ecological security with some technical supports.

2013年12月18日,国务院部署了含石羊河流域治理在内的甘肃建设国家生态安全屏障试验区国家战略。石羊河流域的金川矿区镍铜产量居世界第二,是我国最大的镍铜生产中心。采矿污染已使金昌成为石羊河流域生态脆弱区,恢复已受损的生态系统,降低生态风险,对维护国家生态安全具有重要意义。在评估矿区生态风险的基础上,筛选矿区本土植物及其根际微生物,研究矿区超累积植物及根际微生物形态、生理生化、遗传多样性和生态适应性；结合控制性试验,进行光合、水分传导、渗透调节、抗氧化酶系统的研究；从本土植物及其根际微生物分别克隆NicoT、MT和P-type ATPase基因并进行相关研究,探索接种根际微生物后对植物富集重金属的增效机制,挖掘和分离具有转化重金属的功能基因及元件,从分子水平阐释荒漠植物-微生物协同降低重金属污染,适应逆境胁迫的调控机制,为石羊河流域受损生态恢复,降解镍铜污染,维护国家生态安全提供科学依据。

石羊河流域的金川矿区镍铜产量居世界第二,是我国最大的镍铜生产中心。采矿污染已使金昌成为石羊河流域生态脆弱区，恢复已受损的生态系统，降低生态风险，维护国家生态安全势在必行。本项目在评估矿区生态风险的基础上，筛选得到了矿区能富集镍铜重金属的本土植物骆驼蓬、珍珠猪毛菜、红砂10种荒漠植物等及其根际微生物，揭示了矿区超累积植物及根际微生物形态、生理生化、遗传多样性和生态适应性；在野外试验的基础上，结合控制性试验，进行光合光谱、水分传导、渗透调节、抗氧化酶系统的研究；从本土植物根际微生物中克隆得到重金属诱导相关基因并进行分子生物学研究, 克隆NicoT基因并进行生物信息学分析和可降解菌Ar51的全基因组序列分析以及优势菌群的高通量分析和基因鉴定。探索接种根际微生物后对植物富集重金属的增效机制，揭示了矿区微生物群落与环境因子的关系。野外试验涉及矿区生态系统、荒漠生态系统和农业生态系统，发掘了这些累积重金属荒漠草本和荒漠小灌木在干旱、盐碱、重金属等逆境胁迫下，维持着矿区的绿色景观，挖掘和分离具有转化重金属的功能基因，阐释荒漠植物-微生物协同降低重金属污染，适应逆境胁迫的调控机制。通过本项目的实施，建立了金川矿区重金属污染的生态风险评价指标体系，已在金川矿区荒漠生态系统评价中得到了应用；筛选得到了矿区超富集植物根际微生物若干种，其中，细菌15 株，真菌20株，高通量测序结果放线菌门和变形菌门在矿区属于优势菌群；通过探索种群数量、分布格局和动态变化，对矿区生态安全的具有一定的预警作用。随着项目的实施，形成相应成果，出版CSCD论文 16篇，SCI论文3篇，EI论文1篇，科研奖励1项，指导和联合指导硕士5人。为石羊河流域矿区荒漠生态系统重金属污染的预警、祁连山受损生态系统修复，降解镍铜等重金属污染，践行绿水青山就是金山银山理念，保护母亲山，维护国家生态安全提供科学依据，项目实施具有重要意义。