祁连山北麓金川矿区寄主植物与内生菌协同调控转移重金属的驱动机制和响应规律

Gansu Qilian Mountain Nature Reserve was established in 1988. Gu Zhenglun, the president of Gansu province in the Republic China period, and later Chiang Kai-Shek, the President of Nationalist government, both signed a government order, asking Gansu province to control the Qilian Mountain forests. What’s more, the General Secretary Xi Jinping made important comments on the ecological problems of Qilian Mountain. China office (2017) No.13 document issued a circular on the ecological environment in Qilian Mountain in Gansu province, the first of which was about illegal mining and ecological damage. So, this project intends to set up 24 sample points in the tailings dams, the smelters, the mine mouths and the slag heaps in Jinchuan Mining Area and the surrounding villages. With control test and screening some host plants and their endophytes, this project tries to carry on the study of the morphological structures, physiology and biochemistry, colonization dynamics, distribution patterns, change patterns and diversity of the host plants and their endophytes in the mining area; in addition, with the study on photosynthesis, moisture, osmoregulation, and antioxidant system, this project tries to find and separate the functional genes and components of transferring heavy metals; to explain the physiological and ecological mechanism of the host plants-endophytes reaction on heavy metals response from molecular level; to reveal the driving mechanism and response regulation of the host plants and their endophytes in transferring and degrading the heavy metals in Jinchuan Mining Area. In conclusion, this study can provide a scientific basis for the ecological restoration of Qilian Mountain, the degradation of heavy mental pollution and the maintenance of national ecological security.

早在1988年国家设立了甘肃祁连山自然保护区。民国时期，民国政府曾行文时任甘肃省政府主席谷正伦，国民政府主席蒋介石签署政府令，责成甘肃管好祁连山森林；习近平总书记就祁连山生态问题做出重要批示，中办（2017）13号文件关于甘肃祁连山生态环境问题发出通报，第一条就是违法违规开矿,破坏生态。本项目拟在祁连山北麓金川矿区尾矿坝、冶炼厂、矿山口、废渣堆四个作业点和周边村镇设置24个样点，筛选矿区本土寄主植物及其内生菌, 结合控制试验, 开展矿区寄主植物及其内生菌群形态结构、生理生化、定殖动态、分布格局、变化规律和多样性分析，进行光合、水分、渗透调节、抗氧化系统研究，挖掘和分离转化重金属的功能基因及元件,从分子水平阐释寄主植物--内生菌互作对重金属响应的生理生态学机制，揭示金川矿区寄主植物及其内生菌降解转移重金属的驱动机制和响应规律，为祁连山生态恢复，降解重金属污染，维护国家生态安全提供科学依据。

2018年，本项目获得基金委资助后，通过四年的工作，揭示了祁连山北麓矿区本土植物环境胁迫的生理生态学机制和金川矿区重金属富集特征及变化规律，矿区荒漠植物、微生物群落结构特征，揭示了外源物质添加在缓解植物环境胁迫，增强抗逆能力的生理机制，综述了矿区环境污染问题并提出治理措施。对识别祁连山北麓矿区环境污染问题，提出治理措施，开展生态修复具有重要意义。.测定了祁连山北麓金川矿区周边的民勤荒漠区优势植物白刺、黑果枸杞、骆驼蓬和红砂体内K+、Ca2+、Na+和Mg2+4种常见离子含量。荒漠植物（碱蓬、青蒿和白滨藜）对于锌和铜，三种植物的生物累积系数（BAC）均大于1。对于Cd、Ni和Pb，白滨藜的生物累积浓度最高（521.52、862.23和1734.59 mg/kg），BAC值（1.06、1.30和1.25）；探索了微生物处理矿山废水的最优参数，发现菌株在36h，pH5.56.0时，在含4-8g/L氯化钠的介质中降解苯酚的能力较高；发现矿区荒漠植物具有更高的每叶面积的脉密度和中脉木质部，以及更大的Kleaf max，以至于这些干旱荒漠物种在脱水过程中由较高的ABA积累介导的更紧密的气孔控制导致干旱期间水力安全性和内在水分利用效率（WUEi）的增加；祁连山北麓金川矿区的荒漠植物，在重金属胁迫下表现出强大的重金属提取能力和生态适应性，为干旱和半干旱沙漠环境中金属污染土壤的生物修复提供了潜在资源。这些植物可以作为金昌沙漠矿区尾矿修复的良好候选植物。.本项目形成了标注基金的SCI论文13篇，EI 论文8篇，CSCD论文4篇，会议论文4篇，出版合著2部，其中Elsevier Inc.出版1部，国内省级出版1部，提交发明专利获得受理通知书5项，指导本科生获得甘肃省十二届“挑战杯”一等奖、二等奖2项，指导和联合指导硕士论文8篇；参加国内外学术交流21次，其中国际学术会议5次，3次担任国际大会主席并做主旨报告3次，在全国性专业（行业）学术会议做大会报告6次。