有效全局信息共享与对等分散决策的能源互联网运行理论与方法

With the integration of distributed energy, micro-grid, storage, and electric vehicle in the Energy Internet, the traditional centralized energy management methods are facing great challenges, including the heavy burden of communication, high computational costs, low tolerance of failure and the single point failure. Therefore, in this project, theory and methodology of Energy Internet operations based on effective global information sharing and peer-to-peer (P2P) decentralized decision-making will be investigated on the basis of the decentralization, transparency, automatic contract execution, and tractability of the block chain technique, aiming at supporting the decentralized decision-making and coordination of multi-energy, multi-agent, and multi-element. Firstly, this project will explore the decentralized decision-making mechanism of the Energy Internet based on effective global information sharing. The coordination of the decentralized decision-making will be utilized by the control of a central clock. Secondly, based on the parameter sensitivity analysis, the P2P decentralized decision-making of the Energy Internet based on price-response functions will be proposed. The proposed method will be applied in the operation and transaction of the Energy Internet. The modeling and algorithm of the multi-energy P2P decentralized decision-making and coordinated optimization problem based on effective global information sharing and the price-response-function will be studied. Without the participation of a trading institute, a de-trust settlement method for the Energy Internet market on the basis of block-chain theory will be studied. The proposed Energy Internet operation method will enhance the coordinated operation of the Energy Internet in a P2P decentralized decision-making manner, solving the difficulties faced by the conventional centralized operation. Hopefully, it will facilitate the operation, transaction and settlement of the future Energy Internet.

随着能源互联网中海量分布式能源、微网、储能、电动汽车等的接入，传统能源网络集中式的运行模式将面临通讯压力大、计算成本高、容错能力差、单点失效等难题。为此，项目将借鉴区块链技术去中心化、透明化、合约执行自动化、可追溯性的核心思想，探索有效全局信息共享、对等分散决策的能源互联网运行理论与方法，以支撑多能源、多主体、多要素的协同优化运行。首先研究基于有效全局信息共享的能源互联网对等分散决策机理，以统一时钟控制方式实现各节点协同决策；其次，基于优化问题的参数灵敏度分析，提出基于价格响应函数的能源互联网对等分散决策方法；在此基础上，研究能源互联网对等分散决策与协同优化模型与方法；研究无交易机构参与下基于区块链去信任化的能源互联网市场结算模型与方法。项目提出的能源互联网运行方法，将促进能源互联网以分散决策的方式协同优化，解决传统集中优化的运行难题，期待为未来能源互联网的运行、交易和结算提供理论支撑。

随着海量设备接入能源互联网，传统的集中式能源运行方式面临易于失效、算力不足、信息过载等挑战。为支撑未来能源互联网的去中心化运行，本项目借鉴区块链技术去中心化、透明化、可追溯等核心思想，研究有效全局信息共享、对等分散决策的能源互联网运行理论与方法。.首先研究基于有效全局信息共享的能源互联网对等分散决策机理。考虑机器学习范式在分布式优化领域的应用，分析机器学习方法提升模型优化性能的关键机理；考虑多系统协同决策的新机理，基于模型精炼思想提出完全非迭代式能源互联网多区域协调优化框架。其次研究基于价格响应函数的能源互联网高效对等分散决策方法。提出价格响应函数逐步线性化的加速方法，采用神经网络观测用户价格响应特性并内嵌于优化求解过程中；提出基于神经网络的拉格朗日乘子选择法，优化负荷聚合商与用户群的迭代互动，平均减少60%-80%的迭代次数；基于价格函数的割线近似加快分布式经济调度算法收敛。研究基于有效全局信息共享、对等分散决策的能源互联网运行。着眼我国省间电力交易，提出基于可行域投影的省内约束条件边界等值方法和非迭代式两级电力市场出清机制，并提出高效求解算法，将大型系统模型精炼的运算时间从小时级缩短至分钟级；为支撑能源互联网分布式资源的高效整合，基于可行域投影提出虚拟电厂有功-无功可行域快速估算方法，以及刻画智慧能源枢纽的综合灵活性；聚焦多智能体分散决策的硬件实现，开发了通用开源验证平台。最后，研究基于区块链去信任化的能源互联网结算模型与方法。基于区块链智能合约与沙普利值法对能源互联网备用资源的贡献值进行认证，并实现基于区块链的公开、透明、自动化、去信任化的结算支付；提出分块定价法支撑用电合同在精细考虑用户用电行为友好性的同时高效结算。项目提出的能源互联网运行方法，促进了能源互联网以分散决策的方式协同优化，解决传统集中优化的运行难题，为未来能源互联网的运行、交易和结算提供理论支撑。