发电与负荷的互动组合优化理论与方法研究

The key feature of smart grids is interaction. The load-load and load-source interaction can make the most of the grid assets and accommodate more renewable energy. This project will study the theories and methods of interactive combinatorial optimization of generation and load (ICOGL). The individualized and differentiated properties of loads are firstly abstracted to typical interaction patterns. An inclusive and standard model of interactive loads is then formulated. The mathematical model of ICOGL is formulated with embedded network losses, considering complicated grid operating constraints such as reactive power and nodal voltages. To solve such a large-scale mixed-integer non-linear programming (MINLP) problem, a highly efficient solution framework with progressive optimization will be proposed. The model transformation method such as convexification will be studied and the adjoin model will then be formulated. Based upon the optimum of the adjoin model, a method of acquiring the initial feasible solution for the original model will be investigated. After that, the warm-start technique will be investigated to realize the efficient solution of the original model. The benefit evaluation method of ICOGL will be proposed, based on which the omnibearing, in-depth and multi-dimension assessment of the benefit brought on by ICOGL can be conducted. The empirical analysis will be carried out using the realistic data from power systems in our country. The outcome of this project will provide fundamental theories and key techniques to boost the energy-savings and emission reduction, and support the comprehensive interaction in smart grids.

智能电网的核心特征是互动，通过负荷与负荷之间、负荷与电源之间的互动配合，将显著提升电力资产利用率，促进新能源发电上网消纳。为此，本项目将研究发电与负荷的互动组合优化理论与方法。针对负荷用电方式的个性化与差异化，科学抽象为典型的互动方式，构建包容性强、规范化的互动负荷模型；内嵌网络损耗，考虑无功电压等复杂电网运行约束，建立发电与负荷的互动组合优化模型；针对这一大规模混合整数非线性规划问题，提出递进式寻优的高效求解框架，研究凸化等模型转换方法，建立原模型的伴随模型；根据伴随模型的最优解，研究原模型初始可行解快速获取方法；探索热启动求解技术，实现原模型的高效求解；研究发电与负荷互动组合优化的效益评估方法，全方位、深层次、多维度地评估发电与负荷互动组合优化的效益，并基于我国电网的实际数据进行实证分析。项目研究成果将为深度推进节能减排和智能电网的全面互动提供基础理论支撑与关键性技术。

智能电网的核心特征是互动，通过负荷与负荷之间、负荷与电源之间的互动配合，将显著提升电力资产利用率，促进新能源发电上网消纳。为此，本项目深入研究了发电与负荷的互动组合优化理论与方法。.第一，针对负荷用电方式的个性化与差异化，科学抽象为典型的互动方式，构建了包容性强、规范化的互动负荷模型；为了更精准地考虑负荷互动对电网运行产生的影响，本项目建立了内嵌网络损耗的发电与负荷互动组合优化模型、考虑无功电压等复杂电网运行约束的交流机组组合优化模型。.第二，针对大规模混合整数非线性规划问题，提出了多阶段递进式寻优的高效求解框架，研究了凸化等模型转换方法，建立了原模型的伴随模型；根据伴随模型的最优解，研究原模型初始可行解快速获取方法；探索了热启动求解技术，实现了原模型的高效求解；.第三，针对大规模发电与负荷互动组合优化模型，提出了基于节点等效移峰成本曲线的高效分解协调框架，建立了调度机构和节点层面的数学模型，采用多项选择法实现了非凸节点等效移峰成本曲线的分段线性化，为发电与负荷互动组合优化问题的高效求解提供了关键技术。.第四，研究了发电与负荷互动组合优化的效益评估方法，全方位、深层次、多维度地评估发电与负荷互动组合优化的效益，并基于宁夏电网的实际数据开展了实证分析。.希望本项目的研究成果能够为深度推进节能减排和智能电网的全面互动提供基础理论支撑与关键性技术。