赤水河流域枯枝暗色丝孢菌Dematiaceous hyphomycetes 多样性研究

Chishui River Basin is a unique geographical area where have complex terrains and notable altitude difference with valley, basin and plateau, and karst landform and Danxia landform are the remarkable characteristics of this basin，especially in the region is famous for MOUTAI and other high-quality liquor production. It spans several climate zones, covers much warm-temperate zone plateau climate and Basin-humid subtropical climate, there are numbers National nature reserve and the original forest park distribution, all of the sampled regions are characterized by high humidity, high mean temperature. The vegetation is composed mostly of trees, and there is a deep litter layer comprising rotten softwood, dead branches, and decay leaves of various plants. Dead wood are a rich habitat for hyphomycetes. Through collecting specimens of dead branches from the forest of different habitats and vegetation types in Chishui River Basin (including Yunan, Guizhou and Sichuan provinces), based on the traditional taxonomy, with the aid of microscopic and photography, combining the characteristics of morphology, ecology and biology, we will carry out the taxonomic studies on dematiaceous hyphomycetes, and clarifiy the disorder of species, supply or perfect the classification keys of all known species or Chinese known species of dematiaceous hyphomycetes. All those results could provide experience accumulation and valuable suggestions for taxonomic studies of many other dead wood dematiaceous hyphomycetes, and have significance to the exploration of their diversity and accumulation of fungal resources, also, This study aimed to survey the population of dematiaceous hyphomycetes from decay wood on genus and species level Chishui River Basin and utilize and protect the species diversity of China.

赤水河流域地形地貌复杂，以河谷、盆地、高原为主，喀斯特地貌和丹霞地貌特点明显，海拔高度差异显著，是我国特殊的地理生态区域，该区域尤以产“茅台”等高品质白酒闻名于世。该地区气候条件特殊，跨越多个气候带，气候类型大部分是暖温带高原气候和盆地亚热带湿润气候，流域内国家级自然保护区、原始森林公园分布，资源多样，植被类型丰富，雨量充沛，气候温湿，森林覆盖率高，地表积累了大量枯枝腐木层和腐烂的植物残体，特殊的生态和植被环境蕴育了该地区的暗色丝孢真菌物种多样性。因此，本项目拟通过广泛征集赤水河流域（云南、四川、贵州）不同生境及植被类型区域凋落枯枝，立足经典分类，借助显微描绘和照相技术，综合种菌形态学、生态学及生物学性状，系统开展暗色丝孢真菌属的分类研究，澄清种级分类的混乱，修订完善属种级特征，为深入开展其它生态地理区域凋落枯枝暗色丝孢真菌属、种资源多样性研究提供经验积累与借鉴。同时，丰富我国微生物资源。

赤水河流域地形地貌复杂，以河谷、盆地、高原为主，喀斯特地貌和丹霞地貌特点明显，海拔高度差异显著，是我国特殊的地理生态区域，该区域尤以产“茅台”等高品质白酒闻名于世。该地区气候条件特殊，跨越多个气候带，气候类型大部分是暖温带高原气候和盆地亚热带湿润气候，流域内国家级自然保护区、原始森林公园分布，资源多样，植被类型丰富，雨量充沛，气候温湿，森林覆盖率高，地表积累了大量枯枝腐木层和腐烂的植物残体，特殊的生态和植被环境蕴育了该地区的暗色丝孢真菌物种多样性，但关于该区域内的暗色丝孢菌的研究极少。因此，从2017-2019这3年里，本课题组采集了10000余份赤水河流域（云南、四川、贵州）不同生境及植被类型区域凋落枯枝标本，立足经典分类，借助显微描绘和照相技术，综合种菌形态学、生态学及生物学性状，系统开展了暗色丝孢菌属的分类研究，共获得有价值的菌物标本1000余份，系统开展了71个属99个种的暗色丝孢菌菌的分类研究、完善了Rhexoacrodictys、Neosporidesmium、Zygosporium、Physalidiella、Kionochaeta、Menisporopsis、Beltraniopsis、Wiesneriomyces、Speiropsis 9个属相关物种的分类检索表，正确描述鉴定新种7个，中国新记录属3个，中国新记录种16个，大陆新记录种14个，贵州省级新记录种62个。分离纯化出14株菌株，部分菌株已进行系统学分析，完善了部分属种级特征，同时对分离纯化的菌株进行纤维素降解功能的初步研究，基本完成了预设目标。联合培养硕士研究生1名，发表科技论文10篇（SCI收录3篇）。本课题完成的工作理论上证实了赤水河流域枯枝暗色丝孢菌资源丰富，实践上可以为生物多样性保护，为深入开展其它生态地理区域凋落枯枝暗色丝孢菌多样性研究提供理论依据和科学依据。