在华外资研发与省域自主创新的耦合机制研究

Benefited from the fact that foreign R&D activities have become an important part of our country's national innovative system, it is of great strategic significance to research how to balance and coordinate the relationship between foreign R&D and independent innovation.But in the current research progresses, most of the research focuses on the spillover effect of foreign R&D. Few scholars make a study on the coupled foreign R&D and independent Innovation based on the interactions of the two sides, not to mention such relevant research about their relationship at provincial level. However, the reality is that each province,concerning the ability of independent innovation and the degree of foreign R&D intervention, is not the same. Therefore, aims to thoroughly analysis the relationship between foreign R&D and independent innovation at provincial level,this study focuses on the coupling mechanism of foreign R&D and independent innovation, and expects to find out the spatiotemporal coupling mechanism of the interaction of foreign R&D and independence innovation by empirical analyses.Firstly, we will investigate present situation and development process of foreign R&D and independent innovation in China, and summarize their respective spatial characteristics, on that basis, we can determine the evaluation index systems of foreign R&D and independent innovation for subsequent research.Secondly,based on the models of coupling mechanism and Space-time Coordination, which is divided into coupling degree function and coupling coordination degree function, we will measure the correlation, coupling degree and coordination degree of various provinces and regions about the foreign R&D and independent innovation, and analyze the space-time distribution of the coupling each province unit,degrees and the coupling coordination degrees in China.Accordingly, provinces will be classified into different coupling types.Thirdly, three provinces of Yangtze River Delta as a case, from the micro, explore influencing factors coupling mechanism of foreign R&D and independent innovation, in this regard, enterprises and institutions, industry and regional, policy and environment, etc, will be involved in.Lastly, The domestic and foreign relevant policies will be studied in detail, and according to results we will bring up some forward-looking suggestion to increase the independent innovation ability of each province,prompt the foreign R&D and self-oriented innovation of provinces and regions to achieve positive interaction, coordinated development, thus to improve the science and technology development performance.In this research subject，we are also to use some multidisciplinary research methods such as spatial autocorrelation analysis, SPSS, case analysis, comparative analysis and so on,the expected results will Promote deepening research on the relationship between foreign R&D and independent innovation.

外资研发活动已成为我国国家创新系统的重要组成部分，如何协调外资研发与自主创新的关系也因之成为具有重大战略意义的研究议题。现有研究多以外资研发溢出效应为重点，基于交互作用的外资研发与自主创新耦合问题并未引起重视，省域层面的研究更少。本研究以外资研发与自主创新的关系为主线，以省域为研究对象，引入耦合机制和时空协调性模型以及SPSS、GIS 等技术手段，在对各省域外资研发与自主创新现状进行概括和分析的基础上，选取外资研发系统和自主创新系统的评价指标体系，构建模型求得外资研发与自主创新交互作用的耦合度和协调度；从时间上将各省域划分为低水平耦合阶段、磨合阶段、颉颃阶段、高水平耦合阶段，总结规律；从空间上将各省域划分为高、中、低度耦合地区和协调地区，归纳类型；选择长三角地区江浙沪三个省域作为案例，探讨两个系统之间彼此影响的关键因素和耦合机制并进行比较研究，最后提出促进外资研发与自主创新协调互惠的政策建议。

以往对外资研发与自主创新关系的研究往往关注外资研发对自主创新的单向影响，本研究则认为外资研发与自主创新之间存在耦合协调的双向关系，外资研发活动并非越多越好，而要与自主创新水平相互适应。测度外资研发与自主创新的耦合协调程度并探讨作用机制，是本研究的重点。.在构建外资研发与自主创新系统耦合机理和评价指标体系的基础上，采用耦合协调度模型对30个省份（除西藏外）的实证结果显示：（1）从发展水平看，可分为外资研发与自主创新展同步型、外资研发超前型、自主创新超前型三种类型，其中，以同步型居多，外资研发超前型多是东部沿海地区省份，自主创新超前型则以科技资源基础较好的内地省份为主。（2）从时间维度看，中国外资研发与自主创新的耦合协调程度总体上仍处于拮抗阶段，耦合协调水平较低，但在时序上呈现出稳定提升态势。（3）从空间维度看，呈现出明显的区域差异，主要表现在东部地区省域耦合协调度大都处于较高水平的协调阶段、磨合阶段，明显优于中、西部地区。（4）从重点区域看，京津冀地区各省域外资研发与自主创新耦合协调水平总体发展平稳，但省域之间差异明显；而长三角区域内各省域整体处于较高水平且趋于一致，西三角各省域则有分化趋势。.为探讨耦合通道和作用机制，本研究基于外资研发投入直接影响内企研发投入而间接影响内企研发产出的逻辑假设，构建创新投入、创新产出两阶段模型及其联合分析的理论框架，从资本和劳动两种创新要素的维度，考察外资企业研发投入对内资企业自主创新的影响机制。研究发现，外资研发两种要素的介入对内资企业创新产出具有不同的影响，外资研发经费介入对内资企业创新产出呈现抑制作用，而外资研发劳动介入对内资企业创新产出呈现促进作用。这证明，两系统之间的影响主要是依托“人”来完成的，凸显出人力资源的重要性在上升。.因此，要根据外资研发与自主创新耦合协调发展的实际情况，优化政策导向，其中，尤其要重视人才的引进与流动政策的制定。