在内蒙古边境接壤地区蜱种生物多样性分析及其疫病传播媒介信息库的构建

In this project, ticks were investigated(including distribution, species, seasonal characteristic, environment, host species, mediation etc) from suspicious hosts(including grassland rodent, equine animal, cattle and sheep etc) which were living in the middle, central and eastern part of Inner Mongolia where china shares boundries with russia and mongolia(including wildlife`s habitat such as forest, sand nest, gobi desert and rodent caves and livestock shed) by having an interview with farm household and local expedition and on that basis biological diversity of local tick species was determined; It`s seasonal dynamics and regularity were identifiled by artificial hatching all tick larvae. At the same time, specific pathogen related genes(such as the African swine fever virus and Bruce bacteria and other important causative agent) were identifiled in Suspicious tick samples using multiplex PCR and then tick borne disease information database was constructed. This project provides valuable imformation for future forewarning and prevention at the source of exotic diseases (such as African swine fever) and important infectious diseases (such as Brucellosis).

本项目采用走访牧户和当地现场探查的方式，在中国内蒙古东、中和西部的中国-俄罗斯-蒙古边界接壤地区（包括森林、沙窝、戈壁滩、沼泽地等野生动物出没地带、鼠类洞穴及畜禽棚等）及可疑宿主（包括草原鼠类、马属动物、牛羊等）中进行蜱虫调查（内容包括种类、地理分布、季节性、环境、宿主种类、媒介作用等），此基础上分析和确定该地区蜱种的生物多样性；人工孵化蜱各期幼虫，掌握其季节动态和规律性。与此同时采用多重PCR方法在可疑蜱虫样本中检测特殊病原体相关基因（如非洲猪瘟病毒和布鲁斯菌及其他重要病体等），构建蜱传疾病信息库。该项目为今后我国对外来病（如非洲猪瘟）及重要传染病（如布鲁斯菌病等）在源头上追朔预警和防控工作提供有效的基础信息。

随着全球气候环境的变化和区域经济结构的改变以及庞大的全球性物流体系的形成，大草原生态系统和食物链都发生微妙变化。尤其是媒介昆虫的活动范围和环境适应性都在发生改变，其中蜱虫在干旱草原地区的活动也更加频繁。本项目在中国内蒙古的中蒙和中俄边界接壤地区（呼伦贝尔盟、锡林郭勒盟和阿拉善盟）进行蜱虫样品的调研与采集工作，共计采集蜱虫样本3801只，应用传统形态学和分子生物的方法进行蜱虫种型的鉴定，共计鉴定出3种优势蜱虫，包括草原革蜱(Dermacentor nuttalli)、亚洲璃眼蜱(Hyalomma asiaticum)和波斯锐缘蜱(Argas persicus)。其次，从基因水平上解析了不同采集地区优势蜱虫的种内和种间的生物多样性。最后，在蜱虫体内共计检测到5种病原体，包括草原革蜱体内检测到布鲁氏菌以及2种条件性致病菌粪产碱杆菌（Alcaligenes feacalis）和小鳟鱼大洋芽孢杆菌（Oceanobacillus oncorhynchi），在亚洲璃眼蜱体内发现有贝氏柯克氏体（Coxiella）和立克次氏体（Rickettsia）病原特异性基因的存在，并分离了相关的病原体，并对其进行了生理、生化和致病性等相关研究。该项目为今后外来或固有的病原体的源头上追朔预警和防控工作提供有效的基础信息。