The polarization of macrophages plays an important role in the repair of pathogen infection. Different types of macrophages interact with the microenvironment to initiate proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory mechanisms that determine the development and progression of inflammation. Therefore, it is of great significance to control the polarization. Trefoil factor 2 (TFF2) is a soluble small molecule polypeptide secreted by gastrointestinal mucous cells, which is closely related to the pathological changes of gastric mucosa after Helicobacter pylori infection. In this study, we found that the expression of TFF2 was up-regulated by LPS in the inflammatory state of infection, but the TFF2 feedback blocked the activation of LPS-TLR4-NF-kB pathway, inhibited the M1 polarization of macrophages and antagonized the inflammation. This study puts forward the "TFF2 upregulation of macrophage polarization stress inhibits LPS induced inflammation and antagonism" hypothesis, intends to explore: 1) the expression induction pattern of TFF2 by LPS; 2) the inhibitory effect and molecular mechanism of TFF2 on macrophage M1 polarization; 3) TFF2 inhibits inflammation induced by LPS antagonists; 4) the inhibition effects of TFF2 on macrophage polarization and inflammatory after H. pylori infection. Thus, this paper will establish TFF2 as a macrophage polarization control factor and a gastric mucosal inflammation therapeutic target.
病原感染修复过程中,不同极化分型的巨噬细胞与微环境相互作用,启动促炎或抗炎机制,决定炎症发展与转归,因此巨噬细胞极化调控与机制意义重大。三叶因子2 (TFF2)是胃肠道粘液细胞分泌的可溶性小分子多肽,与幽门螺杆菌(HP)感染后的胃黏膜病变密切相关,但机制尚不明确。本课题前期研究发现,感染性炎症状态LPS诱导TFF2表达上调,而TFF2反馈阻滞LPS-TLR4-NF-kB 通路激活,抑制巨噬细胞M1型极化并拮抗炎症。本课题提出“TFF2应激上调抑制脂多糖诱导的巨噬细胞M1型极化并拮抗炎症”假说,拟探讨:1)LPS诱导TFF2表达上调的作用模式;2)TFF2抑制LPS诱导的巨噬细胞M1型极化的作用与机制;3)TFF2体内外水平拮抗LPS诱导的炎症;4)TFF2抑制HPi感染的巨噬细胞M1型极化并缓解胃粘膜炎症。由此,本课题确立TFF2为巨噬细胞极化调控因子及HP相关性胃炎治疗靶点。
病原感染修复过程中,不同极化分型的巨噬细胞与微环境相互作用,启动促炎或抗炎机制,并在组织修复与重建、脂类代谢、过敏反应和肿瘤形成中发挥作用。因此,巨噬细胞极化调控成为研究热点之一。最新研究进展提示脂多糖(LPS)是炎症和巨噬细胞M1型极化的强大诱导剂。LPS通过TLRs受体激活NF-kB信号通路,使炎性介质释放增加,随后进一步促进巨噬细胞极化,包括形态学变化、抗原提呈及促炎因子分泌。胃肠道黏液细胞分泌的可溶性小分子多肽三叶因子在黏膜损伤修复、信号转导、炎症保护、细胞凋亡调节等方面具有多重生物学功能。其中,TFF2在炎症发展过程中具有关键的调控作用,可以减弱炎症部位对巨噬细胞的募集,影响相关配体与趋化因子受体结合激活,并负调控介导炎性介质的表达与分泌,但机制尚不明确。.本课题探讨TFF2在脂多糖诱导的巨噬细胞活化与炎症发生发展中的功能与机制。首先,分析感染性炎症中TFF2的表达特征,发现胃溃疡患者胃黏膜中TFF2表达上调,并且LPS诱导正常胃黏膜细胞GES-1中的TFF2表达上调,提示感染促进TFF2表达上调,LPS是重要诱导因素;其次,探究TFF2对LPS-TLR4-NF-κB通路激活的影响,发现正常GES-1中TFF2表达削减后促进LPS诱导的NF-kB与IkB的磷酸化,促进NF-kB入核,并促进下游炎性介质IL-6、IL-8表达,反之,巨噬细胞Raw264.7中过表达TFF2抑制NF-kB磷酸化入核,提示TFF2拮抗LPS诱导的NF-kB激活;再次,探讨TFF2对巨噬细胞Raw264.7活化的影响,发现过表达TFF2抑制LPS与巨噬细胞膜上TLR4受体结合,减少巨噬细胞伪足伸展及吞噬泡形成,并削弱巨噬细胞对荧光抗原的内吞能力,提示TFF2抑制巨噬细胞浸润吞噬能力。最后,应用正常胃黏膜细胞与巨噬细胞的共培养体系模拟体内环境,发现TFF2削弱巨噬细胞M1型极化并抑制炎症因子的表达与分泌,提示TFF2抑制巨噬细胞M1型极化并拮抗炎症。.综上,本课题得出结论TFF2调控脂多糖诱导的巨噬细胞活化并拮抗炎症的功能与机制。本课题对于树立三叶因子2为胃微生态相关胃黏膜病变防治及胃癌早诊早治靶点,探讨感染性炎症调控新策略,并可能为消化系统疾病诊治提供新线索,具有重要的临床指导意义。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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