非线性实时混合试验的时滞补偿及其在磁流变减/隔震结构试验中的应用

Magneto-rheological (MR) dampers are warmly welcomed for their outstanding performance in the research field of energy-dissipated and seismically isolated structures. However, it is very difficult conducting accurate numerical simulations and shaking table tests for full structures with MR dampers due to strong nonlinearity, multi-field coupling of MR dampers and shortcomings of the two methods. This project is to develop and to employ real-time hybrid testing (RHT) technique to study vibration control performance of MR dampers to structures. This method is a novel hybrid testing developed from pseudo-dynamic testing, and combines the high efficiency of numerical simulations and high degree of accuracy of physical testing; furthermore, it is especially suitable for experimental study on control devices with velocity-dependent property, such as MR dampers. To resolve nonlinear control and time-varying delay compensation in RHT for structures with MR dampers, model reference adaptive control with two loops will be proposed for loading control of actuators and be investigated cautiously. To deal with numerical delay, compensation method based on ARMAX model of the structures will be devised. Many numerical simulations, physical tests and theoretical analysis will be carried out to examine these two schemes. Finally, two RHTs for energy-dissipated and seismically isolated structures will be performed to investigate the effectiveness of the RHT, and to evaluate the control performance. This research will provide advanced delay compensation and control strategies for RHT, and provide tools for performance evaluation of MR dampers installed in energy-dissipated and seismically isolated structures. This research would accelerate the widespread use of the testing method and energy-dissipated and seismically isolated structures as well.

磁流变阻尼器以其突出性能在结构减/隔震控制领域广受青睐,但因其强非线性、多场耦合特点以及方法本身的缺陷，很难对磁流变减/隔震结构进行准确数值模拟和全结构振动台试验。拟开发并采用实时混合试验技术研究此类结构的控制性能。它是在拟动力试验的基础上发展起来的新型混合试验技术，充分融合了数值模拟快捷高效和物理试验准确可信的优点，尤其适用于试验研究具有速度相关力学性能的控制装置。拟针对此类结构实时混合试验的非线性控制和变时滞补偿问题，提出双环模型参考自适加载控制方法；针对数值时滞高品质补偿问题，提出基于结构ARMAX模型的时滞补偿方法。拟通过大量数值模拟、物理试验和理论分析检验两种时滞补偿方法性能，通过两例此类结构实时混合试验检验试验方法的有效性，评估地震响应控制效果。本研究将为实时混合试验积累先进时滞补偿方法和控制方法，为此类结构抗震性能评估提供试验工具，为试验方法和此类结构进一步推广应用蓄积能量。

实时混合试验与混合试验技术是在拟动力试验的基础上发展起来的新型试验技术，充分融合了数值模拟快捷高效和物理试验准确可信的优点。该项目针对磁流变阻尼器等强非线性构件的加载变时滞补偿问题，以自校正控制为基础提出实时混合试验的自适应时滞补偿方法；针对钢结构柱、磁流变阻尼器试件，开展了数值模拟以及物理试验，检验了方法性能。与常规方法相比，该方法性能良好。同时，开发了混合试验的外位移反馈控制、外环位移-内环力控制等技术，提出了力-位移混合控制混合控制的双向混合试验方法。这些方法集成到混合试验软件，方便推广应用。此项目对于客观真实地揭示结构的抗震性能具有重要意义，研究成果在建筑与桥梁结构等领域具有广阔的应用前景。