基于地铁的城市物流多式联运网络优化方法研究

The development of urban logistics in China is facing with traffic jam, cost growth, environment pollution and other problems. With the urbanization course proceeding, the future urban logistics will be transferred to underground gradually, so that ground space will be released, and then underground logistics can be connected with ground logistics, urban logistics common delivery system with multimodal transport can be set up. This pattern may take comprehensive advantages of the flexibility of ground vehicles with short distance and the low cost of subway with long distance. Firstly, this project looks subway rails as the common medium of people and goods flow among different areas in city, analyzes the feasibility and economics of using subway rails for underground logistics (the time period after passenger transport stopped and line maintenance work completed). Secondly, this project tries to build optimization model of ground logistics network to connect the subway stations (fixed nodes), and study heuristic algorithms based on Plant Growth Simulation Algorithm. Thirdly, by means of network connection, information connection and management connection, this project explores to establish urban three-dimensional distribution system with "ground-underground" seamless interface and transportation. This project makes effort to provide new way and new method for urban logistics multimodal transport model innovation.

我国城市物流（Urban Logistics）的发展当前正面临交通拥堵、成本上升和环境污染等诸多问题的困扰。随着城市化进程的持续推进，未来城市物流将逐步向地下转移，释放出地面空间，进而形成地下物流与地上物流相互衔接、多式联运的城市物流共同配送格局，该格局可以发挥地面车辆短距离灵活性与地铁长距离低成本的综合优势。本项目首先将地铁轨道看做是城市不同区域之间，人员和商品流动的一种共同媒介，分析利用地铁承担地下物流（在地铁夜间客运停止及线路检修等工作完成之后）的可行性和经济性；其次，建立连接地铁站点（固定节点）的地上物流网络布局优化模型，并研究基于模拟植物生长的启发式算法；第三，通过网络衔接、信息衔接和管理衔接，构建“地上-地下”多种交通工具无缝衔接、转运的城市立体化配送系统，为城市物流多式联运模式创新，提供新的途径和方法。

本项目以城市物流立体结构为研究背景，重点研究地下物流系统网络结构的优化方法，构建最优化的多式联运共同配送网络和运输手段，提出新的物流调度方法，使我国城市物流系统走成本低、见效快、立体化的绿色发展之路。本项目主要研究内容之一是建立了地下物流网络优化模型，设计有针对性的启发式算法，提出了以模拟植物生长算法（PGSA）解决物流网络优化问题的新方法；研究内容之二是解决了地下物流网络构建的核心理论问题——Steiner最小树问题；研究内容之三是以雄安新区地下物流网络优化、地下物流油气储运系统、不确定需求情况下循环取货问题等为实际背景进行应用研究。本项目的科学意义在于跳出群体智能类、神经类、进化类等国际主流智能算法理论框架，以植物向光性机理作为算法启发源，结合植物形态发生、分形几何、系统动力学等交叉学科，开拓“无参数智能算法”理论体系，通过算法创新，解决了地下物流网络优化、地下物流油气储运设施预警、不确定需求环境下循环取货的路径-装载协同优化问题。同时，也培养了具有网络优化、运筹学、智能算法和物流管理等多学科知识的高水平复合型科研人才。