低品位氧化锌矿浮选体系多元矿物间交互影响及调控机制研究

The interaction of multi-minerals in the flotation system lead to the poor selectivity between minerals surface and flotation reagents which is one of the important reasons to lead to the restriction of the high efficient utilization of low-grade zinc oxide ores resources. According to the diversity characteristics of mineral composition in the low-grade zinc oxide ore flotation system, the research of interaction and regulation mechanism among multi-minerals are suggested. The interaction mechanism of aggregation/dispersion between minerals particles, ionic migration on solid-liquid interfaces, etc., and the wettability of mineral surfaces under flotation reagents will be study by the basic theory of colloidal chemistry, interface chemistry, solution chemistry, etc. The flotation agent molecule assembly rule of mineral solid-liquid interface in the process of multivariate minerals interaction. The controllable regulation theory of mineral Interfacial properties based on minerals interactions could be formed in the flotation system of zinc oxide ores. The results can provide theoretical foundation for the new technique of low-grade zinc oxide ores flotation, and this is theoretical significance and application prospects for improving the exploitation and utilization of complex non-ferrous metal oxide ores resources in China.

浮选体系中多元矿物间的交互作用导致矿物表面与浮选药剂作用选择性差，是制约低品位氧化锌矿资源高效回收的重要原因之一。本项目针对低品位氧化锌矿浮选体系中矿物组成多元化特点，提出了多元矿物间交互影响行为与调控机制研究。采用胶体化学、界面化学，溶液化学等基础理论系统研究浮选体系中矿物颗粒间聚集/分散、矿物固-液界面离子迁移等交互作用发生机制与浮选剂作用下矿物表面的润湿性影响，研究多元矿物交互作用过程中矿物固-液界面浮选剂分子组装规律，形成氧化锌矿浮选体系多元矿物间交互作用下矿物界面性质可控性调节的浮选原则与理论。本项目研究结果将为低品位氧化锌矿浮选新技术提供理论基础，对提高我国复杂难处理有色金属氧化矿资源的开发利用具有重要理论意义和应用前景。

项目以低品位氧化锌矿浮选体系为研究对象，采用理论计算与浮选试验相结合，研究了菱锌矿和异极矿的晶体结构及表面性质，研究了典型脂肪酸捕收剂油酸钠对两种锌矿物及方解石和石英的浮选行为，采用现代测试技术研究了矿物经捕收剂作用前后原子组成、化学态等变化，揭示了捕收剂与矿物表面作用机制；研究了矿物表面溶解组分对石英的浮选行为，揭示了难免离子组分活化石英浮选机理，研究锌矿物与脉石矿物间颗粒相互作用机理，提出了抑制剂分子组装调控同步抑制方解石和钙离子/锌离子活化的石英方法，采用现代测试技术与计算分析了抑制剂分子与方解石及金属离子活化的石英表面的作用机制，建立了氧化锌矿物与脉石矿物浮选分离调控模型，并进行了西南某氧化锌实际矿浮选试验，最终获得了锌品位30%以上，回收率80%的选别指标，研究结果为低品位氧化锌矿资源的高效利用提供了理论基础与借鉴。