湿热湿冷地区房屋热稳定性及节能设计对策研究

As one of the particularclimate zone of China, Wet-hot and Wet-cold zone possess such climatological characteristics as: humid all of the year, high temperature in summer, cold in winter andscarcity of solar energy resource. .Over a long period of time,rarely effective passive design strategy that can be applicable to theWet-hot and Wet-cold climatic characteristicshad been bring forward,owing to the lack of intensive and deep-going research for mechanism of indoor and outdoor climate effects indoor environmentin thisregion.With regard to high population density residential areas in Wet-hot and Wet-cold zone, how to comprehensively improving the thermal comfort of residential buildingin a full rangehad become the vital issuesinbuilding energy conservation domain. Assuredlythe vital issuedemands to be pushed forward andresolved immediately.. The purpose of this subject aims at theassurance of indoor environmentthermal comfortwithout increasing building energy consumption, takes house thermal stability as research main party, then adopts the method that includingtheoretical research and computer simulationsdemonstration combine with experimental study. Establish the feedback mechanismsthat indoor and outdoor climatic conditionsaffect the indoor environment thermal comfortin the Wet-hot and Wet-cold zone.Through this systematically research method, the disciplineof house thermal stabilityhow to affects typical residential buildings energy consumptioninsuchclimatological characteristicsregion can be accessed.Also, on the basis of the model, thenthe obtainment of performance-based indicators of thermal stability that controlbuilding temperature fluctuations within thecomfort range can be accomplished. Such indicators can be used to guide or even determine the optimal form of building envelope, most optimumefficient thermo-physical properties performance for building materials as well as their scope of application and adaptable conditions.The researchachievement will be applied to direct the design and evaluation for theperformanceof residential buildingsas well as optimization. Also it will becomea newtrend of the furtherresearch investigationwhich attempts todesign and preparebuilding envelope and the thermo-physical properties of building materials.

湿热湿冷地区是我国一个特殊的气候区域，夏季湿热冬季湿冷，太阳能资源贫瘠。长期以来，因为缺少对该地区室内外气候作用机制的深入研究，很少有适用于该气候条件特征的有效的被动式建筑设计策略。对于居住人口高度密集的湿热湿冷地区，居住热舒适性的全面改善是建筑节能工作亟待推进解决的问题。.本课题从保证室内热环境舒适性且不增加能耗的角度出发，以房屋热稳定性为研究对象，采用理论研究、计算机模拟论证与实验研究相结合的方法建立湿热湿冷地区气侯条件下，室内外气候的作用反馈机制；系统研究该地区气候特征下，房屋热稳定性对典型居住建筑能耗的影响规律；并在该模型基础上给出控制建筑温度在舒适区域范围波动的房屋热稳定性性能化指标，用以指导确定建筑的最佳围护结构形式、建材的最佳热物性以及适用条件和范围。本文的研究成果将用于指导居住建筑的性能化设计、评价及优化，也将是建筑围护结构和建材的热物性设计与研制的一个新的尝试方向。

本课题从提高室内热环境舒适性且不增加能耗的角度出发，以房屋热稳定性为研究对象，系统研究适宜湿热湿冷地区的室内温度波动控制的原理与方法，提出合理的建筑围护结构的热物性参数，及建筑设计中相关设计参数。重点的研究工作如下：.对影响湿热湿冷地区的室内热稳定性的因素进行了理论分析，确立了描述湿热湿冷地区的房屋热稳定性的数学物理模型。.对影响房屋热稳定性的主要因素进行了连续性测试与分析。.通过房屋热稳定性评价方法的建立，利用数值模拟方法对自然运行状态下，围护结构相关热物性参数对房屋热稳定性能的影响规律做了研究分析；分析了不同热惰性指标对房屋热稳定性的影响规律；.研究了包括外墙传热系数、屋面传热系数、窗户传热系数、太阳得热系数、建筑朝向、窗墙比等不同的围护结构热物性参数及建筑设计参数对房屋热稳定性的影响规律进行了研究和分析。. 通过多因素的组合变化模拟，定量的总结了传热系数、热质、窗墙比以及太阳得热系数等主要影响因素对热稳定性的影响规律，从而总结出在湿热湿冷地区四个典型城市（成都、重庆、长沙、绵阳）的建筑设计参数对房屋热稳定性的影响的权重系数以及相关系数，可用于建筑设计中快速判断房屋热稳定性能的依据。.得到的研究结论如下：.（1）在湿热湿冷地区，不设置保温层的房间，D值理想区间为1.5-2.0左右；在有保温的房间，随着D值的增加，房屋热稳定能在2.5左右达到最佳的效果。.（2）对稳态传热与动态传热的组合优化研究，通过控制不同保温状态下，室内温度波动在舒适区的时数，得到的结论表明:在体形系数≤0.40时，最优的匹配关系应该是传热系数为1.0，热惰性指标为2.0；在体形系数 0.4时，最优的匹配关系应该是传热系数为0.8，热惰性指标为2.0。.（3）通过对典型城市的建筑设计组合因子的研究分析，得到传热系数、热质、窗墙比以及太阳得热系数等设计因子与房屋热稳定性的影响规律；并分析得到四个典型城市的最优方案的有效温度保证率分别是48.76%、40.33%、51.32%、47.96%。